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Marine mammals and noise /
"Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, s...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
San Diego :
Academic Press,
�1995.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Marine Mammals and Noise; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Introduction; 1.1 Types of Marine Mammals; 1.2 Relevant Topics; 1.3 Regulatory Aspects; 1.4 Objectives and Scope of This Book; Chapter 2. Acoustic Concepts and Terminology; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Sound Measurement Units; 2.3 Terms Describing Sound Sources; 2.4 Terms Describing Sound Propagation; 2.5 Terms Describing Ambient Noise; 2.6 Terms Describing Sound Reception; Chapter 3. Measurement Procedures; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Sound Sensors; 3.3 Sound Recording; 3.4 Sound Analysis.
- 3.5 Physical Measurements3.6 Biological Measurements; Chapter 4. Sound Propagation; 4.1 Introduction and Relevance; 4.2 Theoretical Aspects; 4.3 Deep Water Propagation; 4.4 Shallow Water Propagation; 4.5 Absorption and Factors Affecting Spreading Loss; 4.6 Airborne Sound Transmission; 4.7 Air-to-Water Transmission; 4.8 Summary; Chapter 5. Ambient Noise; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Sources of Ambient Noise in the Sea; 5.3 Deep Water Ambient Noise; 5.4 Shallow Water Ambient Noise; 5.5 Variability of Ambient Noise in the Sea; 5.6 Airborne Ambient Noise; Chapter 6. Man-Made Noise; 6.1 Introduction.
- 6.2 Transportation6.3 Marine Dredging and Construction; 6.4 Oil and Gas Drilling and Production; 6.5 Marine Geophysical Surveys; 6.6 Sonars; 6.7 Explosions; 6.8 Ocean Science Studies; 6.9 Comparison of Noise Sources; Chapter 7. Marine Mammal Sound; 7.1 Baleen Whale Sounds; 7.2 Toothed Whale Sounds and Echolocation Signals; 7.3 Phocid Seal Sounds; 7.4 Eared Seal Sounds; 7.5 Walrus Sounds; 7.6 Sea Otter Sounds; 7.7 Sirenian Sounds; 7.8 Summary; Chapter 8. Marine Mammal Hearing; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Audiograms: Frequency Range and Sensitivity; 8.3 Frequency and Intensity Discrimination.
- 8.4 Directional Hearing and Source Localization8.5 Auditory Masking; 8.6 Baleen Whale Hearing; 8.7 Summary and Comparisons; Chapter 9. Documented Disturbance Reactions; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Reactions to Aircraft; 9.3 Reactions to Ships and Boats; 9.4 Reactions to Icebreaking; 9.5 Reactions to Other Vehicles; 9.6 Reactions to Dredging and Construction; 9.7 Reactions to Offshore Drilling and Production; 9.8 Reactions to Seismic Exploration; 9.9 Reactions to Sonars; 9.10 Reactions to Explosions; 9.11 Reactions to Ocean Science Studies; 9.12 Purposeful Scaring via Noise.
- 9.13 Reactions to Human Presence9.14 Tolerance, Habituation, and Sensitization; 9.15 Summary and Comparisons; Chapter 10. Zones of Noise Influence; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Zone of Audibility; 10.3 Zone of Responsiveness; 10.4 Estimating Radii of Audibility and Responsiveness; 10.5 Zone of Masking; 10.6 Zone of Hearing Loss, Discomfort, and Injury; 10.7 Summary; Chapter 11. Significance of Responses and Noise Impacts; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Area Affected verus Habitat Available; 11.3 Auditory Interference by Masking; 11.4 Behavioral Disruption; 11.5 Habituation versus Continued Responsiveness.