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Advances in geophysics. proceedings of a symposium commemorating the two-hundredth anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, October 12-14, 1981, Lisbon, Portugal / Volume 25, Theory of climate :
ADVANCES IN GEOPHYSICS VOLUME 25.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York ; London :
Academic Press,
1983.
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| Colección: | Advances in geophysics ;
v. 25. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Theory of Climate; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Foreword; Part I: History and Application of General Circulation Models; Chapter 1. The Beginnings of Numerical Weather Prediction and General Circulation Modeling: Early Recollections; 1. Introductory Remarks; 2. Some Personal Antecedents; 3. The Institute for Advanced Study 1949-1953; 4. The Road to Operational Adaptation of Numerical Weather Prediction; 5. The Advent of the General Circulation Modeling Era; 6. Epilogue; Chapter 2. Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change; 1. Introduction; 2. Historical Background
- 3. Radiative, Convective Equilibrium4. Distribution of the Global Climate Change; 5. Transient Response; 6 . Concluding Remarks; References; Part II: Statistical-Dynamical Models; Chapter 3. Almost Empirical Approaches to the Problem of Climate. Its Variations and Fluctuations; 1. Introduction; 2. Determination of Mean Climate Characteristics; 3. Sensitivity of Climate to Variations of External Factors; 4. Empirical Estimates of Feedback between Albedo and Temperature of Underlying Surface; 5. Empirical Estimates of the Role of Clouds in Radiation Balance
- 6. Sensitivity of Climate to Changes of Atmospheric CO2 Content7. Statistical Properties of Climatic System; 8. Conclusion; Appendix; References; Chapter 4. Parameterization of Traveling Weather Systems in a Simple Model of Large-Scale Atmospheric Flow; 1. Introduction; 2. Dynamics of Monthly Mean Climatology; 3. Parameterization: How and Why; 4. Transfer Theory of Geostrophic Turbulence; 5. A Highly Parameterized Climate Model; 6. Conclusion; References; Chapter 5. Climatic Systems Analysis; 1. Introduction; 2. General Theoretical Considerations and Equations: The Basis for Climate Modeling
- 3. Time Constants and Integral Constraints4. A Prototype Deterministic System; 5. Climate as a Stochastic-Dynamical System: Effects of Random Forcing; 6. Concluding Remarks; Appendix A. A Resolution of Climatic Variability; Appendix B. Time Constants and Conditions for Equilibration; Appendix C. A Generalized SDM Governing Long-Term Changes of the Complete Climatic System; References; Part Ill: Radiative, Surficial, and Dynamical Properties of the Earth-Atmosphere System; Chapter 6. Satellite Radiation Observations and Climate Theory; 1. Introduction; 2. The Earth's Radiation Budget
- 3. Sensitivity Studies4. Validation of Climate Models; 5. Climatology from Satellites; References; Chapter 7. Land Surface Processes and Climate-Surface Albedos and Energy Balance; 1. Introduction; 2. Surface Albedos; 3. Surface Energy Balance; 4. Further Remarks on Land Surface Processes as a Component of Climate Models; References; Chapter 8. Global Angular Momentum and Energy Balance Requirements from Observations; 1. Introduction; 2. Data Handling and Analysis Procedures; 3. Angular Momentum Balance of the Climatic System; 4. Energy Balance of the Climatic System