Small-format aerial photography : principles, techniques and geoscience applications /
As the need for geographical data rapidly expands in the 21st century, so too do applications of small-format aerial photography for a wide range of scientific, commercial and governmental purposes. Small-format Aerial Photography (SFAP) presents basic and advanced principles and techniques with an...
Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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Autores principales: | , , |
Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
Idioma: | Inglés |
Publicado: |
Amsterdam, the Netherlands ; Oxford, UK :
Elsevier Science,
[2010]
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Temas: | |
Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Part I
- Chapter 1: Introduction to small-format aerial photography
- 1-1. Overview
- 1-2. Brief history
- 1-2.1. 19th century
- 1-2.2. 20th century
- 1-3. Photography and imagery
- 1-4. Conventional aerial photography
- 1-5. Small-format aerial photography
- 1-6. Summary
- Chapter 2: Basic principles of SFAP
- 2-1. Remote sensing
- 2-1.1. Ideal remote sensing
- 2-1.2. Actual SFAP
- 2-2. Common aspects of SFAP
- 2-2.1. Image vantage
- 2-2.2. Photographic scale and resolution
- 2-2.3. Relief displacement
- 2-2.4. Stereoscopic images
- 2-3. Photographic storage
- 2-4. Summary
- Chapter 3: Photogrammetry
- 3-1. Introduction
- 3-2. Geometry of single photographs
- 3-2.1. Vertical photography
- 3-2.2. Tilted photography
- 3-2.3. Interior orientation
- 3-2.4. Exterior orientation
- 3-3. Geometry of stereophotographs
- 3-3.1. Principle of stereoscopic viewing
- 3-3.2. Base-height ratio and stereoscopic coverage
- 3-3.3. 3D measurements from stereomodels
- 3-3.4. Creating stereomodels with aerial triangulation by bundle-block adjustment
- 3-4. Quantitative analysis of photographs
- 3-4.1. Measuring and mapping from single photographs
- 3-4.2. Manual measuring and mapping from stereomodels
- 3-4.3. Automatic DEM extraction from stereomodels
- 3-5. Summary
- Chapter 4: Lighting and atmospheric conditions
- 4-1. Introduction
- 4-2. Multiview-angle effects
- 4-3. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
- 4-4. Multispectral effects
- 4-5. Latitude and seasonal conditions
- 4-6. Clouds
- 4-7. Shadows
- 4-8. Summary
- Chapter 5: Photographic composition
- 5-1. Introduction
- 5-2. Basic elements of photographic composition
- 5-2.1. Oblique and vertical views
- 5-2.2. Linear features
- 5-2.3. Image depth
- 5-2.4. Pattern and texture
- 5-2.5. Color
- 5-3. Combining compositional elements
- 5-4. Photographs vs. human vision
- 5.5. Summary
- Part II
- Chapter 6: Cameras for SFAP
- 6-1. Introduction
- 6-2. Film camera basics
- 6-3. Digital camera basics
- 6-3.1. Types of digital cameras
- 6-3.2. Image sensors
- 6-3.3. Image file formats
- 6-4. Camera geometry and light
- 6-4.1. Focal length
- 6-4.2. Lens aperture
- 6-4.3. Shutter speed
- 6-4.4. Film speed or ISO rating
- 6-4.5. Camera exposure settings
- 6-4.6. Image degradation
- 6-5. Color-infrared photography
- 6-6. Camera capabilities for SFAP
- 6-6.1. Camera lens
- 6-6.2. Image sensor
- 6-6.3. File format
- 6-6.4. Camera type
- 6-6.5. Camera calibration
- 6-7. Summary
- Chapter 7: Camera mounting systems
- 7-1. Introduction
- 7-2. Camera operation
- 7-3. Detachable mounts
- 7-3.1. Single-camera suspended rigs
- 7-3.2. Multiple-camera suspended rigs
- 7-3.3. Attaching suspendable mounts to a platform
- 7-3.4. Detactable modular unit mounts
- 7-4. Fixed mounts
- 7-5. Summary
- Chapter 8: Platforms for SFAP
- 8-1. Introduction
- 8-2. Manned light-sport aircraft
- 8-2.1. Powered light-sport aircraft
- 8-2.2. Unpowered light-sport aircraft
- 8-3. Lighter-than-air platforms
- 8-3.1. Lifting gases
- 8-3.2. Helium blimp
- 8-3.3. Hot-air blimp
- 8-4. Kite aerial photography
- 8-4.1. Kites for SFAP
- 8-4.2. Kite-flying equipment
- 8-4.3. Ground operations
- 8-5. Drones for SFAP
- 8-5.1. Basic model airplane
- 8-5.2. Autopiloted model airplane
- 8-5.3. Powered paraglider
- 8-6. Pros and cons of different platforms
- 8-7. Summary
- Chapter 9: SFAP survey planning and implementation
- 9-1. Introduction
- 9-2. Travel and equipment logistics
- 9-3. Site accessibility and characteristics
- 9-3.1. Local site accessibility
- 9-3.2. Flight obstacles
- 9-3.3. Local wind conditions
- 9-3.4. High-altitude SFAP
- 9-4. Ground Control
- 9-4.1. GCP installation
- 9-4.2. GCP coordinate measurement
- 9-5. Flight planning considerations
- 9-5.1. Image scale and resolution
- 9-5.2. Stereoscopic and large-area coverage
- 9-6. Flight planning example
- 9-6.1. Initial calculations: Complete coverage with single image
- 9-6.2. Revised calulations: Optimal image resolution
- 9-6.3. Consequences for aerial survey design
- 9-6.4. Ideal flightline calculation
- 9-7. Flight planning for oblique SFAP
- 9-8. Legal issues
- 9-8.1. German regulations
- 9-8.2. Regulations in the U.S. and other countries
- 9-8.3. Insurance
- 9-9. Summary
- Chapter 10. Image interpretation
- 10-1. Introduction
- 10-2. Image interpretability
- 10-3. SFAP interpretation
- 10-3.1. Water and drainage
- 10-3.2. Geomorphology
- 10-3.3. Vegetation and agriculture
- 10-3.4. Cultural heritage and archaeology
- 10-3.5. Soils
- 10-4. Summary
- Chapter 11: Image processing and analysis
- 11-1. Introduction
- 11-2. Geometric correction and georeferencing
- 11-2.1. Reference coordinate systems
- 11-2.2. Image rectification
- 11-2.3. Image mosaics
- 11-3. Image enhancement
- 11-3.1. Correcting lens-dependent aberrations
- 11-3.2. Contrast enhancement
- 11-3.3. Image filtering
- 11-4. Image transformation
- 11-4.1. Image ratios and vegetation indices
- 11-4.2. Principal components analysis and color-space transformations
- 11-5. Image classification
- 11-6. Stereoviewing and photogrammetric analysis
- 11-6.1. Creating simple on-screen stereoviews
- 11-6.2. Using printouts under a stereoscope
- 11-6.3. Digital stereoviewing
- 11-6.4. Stereoscopic measuring and mapping
- 11-6.5. DEM generation
- 11-7. Software for SFAP analysis
- 11-8. Summary
- Part III
- Chapter 12: Glacial geomorphology
- 12-1. Introduction
- 12-2. Glacial erosion
- 12-3. Glacial deposition
- 12-4. Glacial deformation
- 12-5. Summary
- Chapter 13: Gully erosion monitoring
- 13-1. Introduction
- 13-2. Study sites and survey
- 13-3. Gully mapping and change analysis
- 13-4. Summary
- Chapter 14: Wetland environments
- 14-1. Overview
- 14-2. Raised bogs, Estonia
- 14-2.1. Endla Nature Reserve
- 14-2.2. Nigula Nature Reserve
- 14-2.3. Discussion
- 14-3. Prairie marshes and playas, Kansas
- 14-3.1. Cheyenne Bottoms
- 14-3.2. Dry Lake
- 14-3.3. Discussion
- 14-4. Summary
- Chapter 15: Biocontrol of salt cedar
- 15-1. Salt cedar problem
- 15-2. USBR study site
- 15-3. Analysis of KAP results
- 15-4. Summary
- Chapter 16: Vegetation and erosion
- 16-1. Introduction
- 16-2. Monitoring vegetation and erosion test sites
- 16-3. Influence of grazing on vegetation cover
- 16-4. Combating desertification and soil degradation
- 16-5. Summary
- Chapter 17: Soil mapping and soil degradation
- 17-1. Introduction
- 17-2. Soils and long-term human land use
- 17-3. Summary
- Chapter 18: Architecture and property management
- 18-1. Introduction
- 18-2. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri
- 18-3. Property management, Lake Kahola, Kansas
- 18-4. Summary
- Chapter 19: Golf course management
- 19-1. Overview
- 19-2. Garden City, Kansas.