Cargando…

Materials and process selection for engineering design /

"Introducing a new engineering product or changing an existing model involves making designs, reaching economic decisions, selecting materials, choosing manufacturing processes, and assessing its environmental impact. These activities are interdependent and should not be performed in isolation...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Autor principal:	Farag, Mahmoud M., 1937- (Autor)
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2014]
Edición:	Third edition.
Temas:	Engineering design. Materials. Manufacturing processes. Conception technique. Matériaux. Fabrication. manufacturing. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Engineering (General) TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Reference.
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo (Requiere registro previo con correo institucional)

Tabla de Contenidos:

Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Product Design and Development in the Industrial Enterprise
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Feasibility Study, Identification of Needs, and Concept Selection
1.2.1. Market Research
1.2.2. Customer Needs and Product Specifications
1.2.3. Concept Generation, Screening, and Selection
1.2.4. Economic Analysis
1.2.5. Selecting an Optimum Solution
1.3. System-Level Design
1.4. Detail Design and Selection of Materials and Processes
1.4.1. Configuration (Embodiment) Design
1.4.2. Final Detail Design
1.4.3. Design Reviews
1.5. Testing and Refinement
1.6. Launching the Product
1.6.1. Project Planning and Scheduling
1.6.2. Manufacturing
1.6.3. Quality Control
1.6.4. Packaging
1.6.5. Marketing
1.6.6. After-Sales Service
1.7. Selling the Product
1.7.1. Cost of Product Engineering
1.7.2. Actual Manufacturing Cost
1.7.3. Sales Expense and Administrative Cost
1.7.4. Selling Price
1.8. Planning for Retirement of the Product and Environmental Considerations
1.8.1. Recycling of Materials
1.8.2. Sources of Materials for Recycling
1.8.3. Infrastructure for Recycling Packaging Materials
1.8.4. Sorting
1.8.5. Scrap Processing
1.8.6. Recyclability of Materials
1.9. Product Market Cycle
1.10. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
pt. I Performance of Materials in Service
ch. 2 Failure under Mechanical Loading
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Types of Mechanical Failures
2.3. Fracture Toughness arid Fracture Mechanics
2.3.1. Flaw Detection
2.3.2. Fracture Toughness of Materials
2.4. Ductile and Brittle Fractures
2.4.1. Ductile Fractures
2.4.2. Brittle Fractures
2.4.3. Ductile-Brittle Transition
2.4.4. Design and Manufacturing Considerations
2.5. Fatigue Failures
2.5.1. Types of Fatigue Loading
2.5.2. Fatigue Strength
2.5.3. Crack Initiation
2.5.4. Crack Propagation
2.6. Elevated-Temperature Failures
2.6.1. Creep
2.6.2.Combined Creep and Fatigue
2.6.3. Thermal Fatigue
2.7. Failure Analysis: Experimental Methods
2.8. Failure Analysis: Analytical Techniques
2.8.1. Root Cause Analysis
2.8.2. Fault Tree Analysis
2.8.3. Failure Logic Model
2.8.4. Failure Experience Matrix
2.8.5. Expert Systems
2.9. Failure Prevention at the Design Stage
2.10. Failure Mode Effect Analysis
2.11. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 3 Corrosion, Wear, and Degradation of Materials
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Electrochemical Principles of Metallic Corrosion
3.3. Types of Metallic Corrosion
3.3.1. General Corrosion
3.3.2. Galvanic Corrosion
3.3.3. Crevice Corrosion
3.3.4. Pitting Corrosion
3.3.5. Intergranular Corrosion
3.3.6. Selective Leaching
3.4.Combined Action of Stress and Corrosion
3.4.1. Stress Corrosion Cracking
3.4.2. Corrosion Fatigue
3.4.3. Erosion Corrosion
3.4.4. Cavitation Damage
3.4.5. Fretting Corrosion
3.5. Corrosion of Plastics and Ceramics
3.5.1. Corrosion of Plastics
3.5.2. Corrosion of Ceramics
3.6. Oxidation of Materials
3.6.1. Oxidation of Metals
3.6.2. Oxidation of Plastics
3.6.3. Oxidation of Ceramics
3.7. Corrosion Control
3.7.1. Galvanic Protection
3.7.2. Inhibitors
3.8. Wear Failures
3.8.1. Adhesive Wear
3.8.2. Abrasive, Erosive, and Cavitation Wear
3.8.3. Surface Fatigue
3.8.4. Lubrication
3.9. Radiation Damage
3.9.1. Radiation Damage by Electromagnetic Radiation
3.9.2. Radiation Damage by Particles
3.10. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 4 Selection of Materials to Resist Failure
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Grouping and Identifying Engineering Materials
4.2.1. Classification and Designation of Engineering Materials
4.2.2. Considerations in Material Selection
4.3. Selection of Materials for Static Strength
4.3.1. Aspects of Static Strength
4.3.2. Level of Strength
4.3.3. Load-Carrying Capacity
4.4. Selection of Materials for Stiffness
4.4.1. Effect of Material Stiffness on Deflection under Load
4.4.2. Specific Stiffness
4.4.3. Effect of Material Stiffness on Buckling Strength
4.5. Selection of Materials for Higher Toughness
4.5.1. Metallic Materials
4.5.2. Plastics and Composites
4.5.3. Ceramics
4.6. Selection of Materials for Fatigue Resistance
4.6.1. Steels and Cast Irons
4.6.2. Nonferrous Alloys
4.6.3. Plastics
4.6.4.Composite Materials
4.7. Selection of Materials for High-Temperature Resistance
4.7.1. Creep Resistance of Metals
4.7.2. Performance of Plastics at High Temperatures
4.7.3. Widely Used Materials for High-Temperature Applications
4.7.3.1. Room Temperature to 150°C (300°F)
4.7.3.2.150°C-400°C (300°F-750°F)
4.7.3.3.400°C-600°C (750°F-1100°F)
4.7.3.4.600°C-1000°C (1100°F-1830°F)
4.7.3.5.1000°C (1830°F) and Above
4.7.4. Niobium, Tantalum, and Tungsten
4.7.5. Ceramics
4.8. Selection of Materials for Corrosion Resistance
4.8.1. Corrosive Medium Parameters
4.8.2. Design Parameters
4.8.3. Material Parameters
4.8.4. Carbon Steels and Cast Irons
4.8.5. Stainless Steel
4.8.6. Nickel
4.8.7. Copper
4.8.8. Tin
4.8.9. Lead
4.8.10. Aluminum
4.8.11. Titanium
4.8.12. Tantalum and Zirconium
4.8.13. Metallic Glasses
4.8.14. Plastics and Fiber-Reinforced Plastics
4.8.15. Ceramic Materials
4.8.16. Other Means of Resisting Corrosion
4.9. Coatings for Protection against Corrosion
4.9.1. Metallic Coatings
4.9.2.Organic Coatings
4.9.3. Vitreous Enamels
4.10. Selection of Materials for Wear Resistance
4.10.1. Wear Resistance of Steels
4.10.2. Wear Resistance of Cast Irons
4.10.3. Nonferrous Alloys for Wear Applications
4.10.4. Wear Resistance of Plastics
4.10.5. Wear Resistance of Ceramics
4.11. Wear-Resistant Coatings
4.12. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
pt. II Relationships between Design, Materials, and Manufacturing Processes
ch. 5 Nature of Engineering Design
5.1. Introduction
5.2. General Considerations in Engineering Design
5.2.1. Human Factors
5.2.2. Industrial Design, Esthetic, and Marketing Considerations
5.2.3. Environmental Considerations
5.2.4. Functional Requirements
5.3. Design for Six Sigma
5.4. Major Phases of Design
5.4.1. Preliminary and Conceptual Design
5.4.2. Configuration (Embodiment) Design
5.4.3. Detail (Parametric) Design
5.5. Environmentally Responsible Design
5.6. Design Codes and Standards
5.7. Effect of Component Geometry
5.7.1. Stress-Concentration Factor
5.7.2. Stress Concentration in Fatigue
5.73. Guidelines for Design
5.8. Factor of Safety
5.9. Reliability of Components
5.10. Product Reliability and Safety
5.11. Product Liability
5.12. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch.
6 Effect of Material Properties on Design
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Designing for Static Strength
6.2.1. Designing for Simple Axial Loading
6.2.2. Designing for Torsional Loading
6.2.3. Designing for Bending
6.3. Designing for Stiffness
6.3.1. Design of Beams
6.3.2. Design of Shafts
6.3.3. Design of Columns
6.4. Designing with High-Strength, Low-Toughness Materials
6.4.1. Fail-Safe Design
6.4.2. Guidelines for Design
6.4.3. Leak-before-Burst
6.5. Designing against Fatigue
6.5.1. Factors Affecting Fatigue Behavior
6.5.1.1. Endurance-Limit-Modifying Factors
6.5.2. Effect of Mean Stress
6.5.3. Cumulative Fatigue Damage
6.5.4. Other Fatigue Design Criteria
6.6. Designing under High-Temperature Conditions
6.6.1. Design Guidelines
6.6.2. Larson-Miller Parameter
6.6.3. Life under Variable Loading
6.6.4. Life under Combined Fatigue and Creep Loading
6.7. Designing for Hostile Environments
6.7.1. Design Guidelines
6.8. Designing with Specific Materials (Material-Specific Design Features)
6.8.1. Designing with Metallic Materials
6.8.2. Designing with Polymers
6.8.3. Designing with Ceramics
6.8.4. Designing with Composites
6.9. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 7 Effect of Manufacturing Processes on Design
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Product Manufacture in the Industrial Enterprise
7.3. Classification of Manufacturing Processes
7.3.1. Processing of Metallic Materials
7.3.2. Processing of Plastic Parts
7.3.3. Processing of Ceramic Products
7.3.4. Manufacture of Reinforced Plastic Components
7.3.5. Manufacture of Reinforced Metal Components
7.4. Selection of Manufacturing Processes
7.5. Design for Manufacture and Assembly
7.6. Design Considerations for Cast Components
7.6.1. Guidelines for Design
7.6.2. Effect of Material Properties
7.7. Design Considerations for Molded Plastic Components
7.7.1. Guidelines for Design
7.7.2. Accuracy of Molded Parts
7.8. Design Considerations for Forged Components
7.8.1. Guidelines for Design
7.9. Design Considerations for Powder Metallurgy Parts
7.9.1. Guidelines for Design
7.10. Design of Sheet Metal Parts
7.10.1. Guidelines for Design
7.11. Designs Involving Joining Processes
7.11.1. Welding
7.11.1.1. Weldability of Materials
7.11.1.2. Tolerances in Welded Joints
7.11.1.3. Guidelines for the Design of Weldments
7.11.1.4. Types of Welded Joints
7.11.1.5. Strength of Welded Joints
7.11.2. Adhesive Bonding
7.11.2.1. Design of Adhesive Joints
7.12. Designs Involving Heat Treatment
7.13. Designs Involving Machining Processes
7.13.1. Machinability Index
7.13.2. Guidelines for Design
7.14. Automation of Manufacturing Processes
7.15.Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
7.16. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
pt. III Selection and Substitution of Materials and Processes in Industry
ch. 8 Economics and Environmental Impact of Materials and Processes
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Elements of the Cost of Materials
8.2.1. Cost of Ore Preparation.
Note continued: 8.2.2. Cost of Extraction from the Ore
8.2.3. Cost of Purity and Alloying
8.2.4. Cost of Conversion to Semifinished Products
8.2.5. Cost of Conversion to Finished Products
8.3. Factors Affecting Material Prices
8.3.1. General Inflation and Price Fluctuations
8.3.2. Supply and Demand
8.3.3. Order Size
8.3.4. Standardization of Grades and Sizes
8.3.5. Inventory Costs
8.3.6. Cost Extras for Special Quality
8.3.7. Geographic Location
8.4.Comparison of Materials on Cost Basis
8.5. Value Analysis of Material Properties
8.6. Economics of Material Utilization
8.7. Economic Competition in the Materials Field
8.7.1. Legislation
8.7.2. Cost Saving
8.7.3. Superior Performance
8.8. Processing Time
8.8.1. Elements of Processing Time
8.9. Processing Cost
8.9.1. Rules of Thumb
8.9.2. Standard Costs
8.9.3. Technical Cost Modeling
8.10. Economics of Time-Saving Devices
8.11. Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analyses
8.12. Environmental Impact Assessment of Materials and Processes
8.12.1. Environmental Considerations
8.12.2. Energy Content of Materials
8.12.3. Life Cycle Assessment
8.13. Recyclability of Engineering Materials and Recycling Economics
8.14. Life Cycle Cost
8.15. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 9 Materials Selection Process
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Nature of the Selection Process
9.3. Analysis of the Material Performance Requirements and Creating Alternative Solutions
9.3.1. Functional Requirements
9.3.2. Processability Requirements
9.3.3. Cost
9.3.4. Reliability Requirements
9.3.5. Resistance to Service Conditions
9.3.6. Creating Alternative Solutions
9.4. Initial Screening of Solutions
9.4.1. Rigid Materials and Process Requirements
9.4.2. Cost per Unit Property Method
9.4.3. Ashby's Method
9.4.4. Dargie's Method
9.4.5. Esawi and Ashby's Method
9.5.Comparing and Ranking Alternative Solutions
9.5.1. Weighted Property Method
9.5.2. Digital Logic Method
9.5.3. Performance Index
9.5.4. Limits on Property Method
9.5.5. Analytic Hierarchy Process
9.6. Selecting the Optimum Solution
9.7.Computer Assistance in Making Final Selection
9.7.1. CAD/CAM Systems
9.7.2. Expert Systems
9.8. Using Matlab® in Materials and Process Selection
9.8.1. Multicriteria Decision Making
9.8.2. Matlab® Programming Environment
9.9. Sources of Information for Materials Selection
9.9.1. Locating Material Property Data
9.9.2. Types of Material Information
9.9.3.Computerized Materials Databases
9.10. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 10 Materials Substitution
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Materials Audit
10.3. Considerations in Materials Substitution
10.4. Screening of Substitution Alternatives
10.5.Comparing and Ranking of Alternative Substitutes
10.5.1. Cost of Performance Method of Substitution
10.5.2.Compound Performance Function Method
10.6. Reaching a Final Decision
10.6.1. Cost-Benefit Analysis
10.6.2. Economic Advantage of Improved Performance
10.6.3. Total Cost of Substitution
10.7. Using Matlab® in Materials Substitution
10.8. Summary
Review Questions
Bibliography and Further Readings
ch. 11 Case Studies in Material Selection and Substitution
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Design and Selection of Materials for a Turnbuckle
11.2.1. Introduction
11.2.2. Factors Affecting Performance in Service
11.2.3. Design Calculations
11.2.4. Design for Static Loading
11.2.5. Design for Fatigue Loading
11.2.6. Candidate Materials and Manufacturing Processes
11.2.7. Sample Calculations
11.3. Design and Selection of Materials for Surgical Implants
11.3.1. Introduction
11.3.2. Main Dimensions and External Forces
11.3.3. Fatigue-Loading Considerations
11.3.4. Wear Considerations
11.3.5. Analysis of Implant Material Requirements
11.3.5.1. Tissue Tolerance
11.3.5.2. Corrosion Resistance
11.3.5.3. Mechanical Behavior
11.3.5.4. Elastic Compatibility
11.3.5.5. Weight
11.3.5.6. Cost
11.3.6. Classification of Materials and Manufacturing Processes for the Prosthesis Pin
11.3.7. Evaluation of Candidate Materials
11.3.8. Results
11.4. Design and Selection of Materials for Lubricated Journal Bearings
11.4.1. Introduction
11.4.2. Design of the Journal Bearing
11.4.3. Analysis of Bearing Material Requirements
11.4.4. Classification of Bearing Materials
11.4.5. Selection of the Optimum Bearing Alloy
11.4.6. Conclusion
11.5. Analysis of. the Requirements and Substitution of Materials for Tennis Rackets
11.5.1. Introduction
11.5.2. Analysis of the Functional Requirements of the Tennis Racket
11.5.3. Design Considerations
11.5.4. Classification of Racket Materials
11.5.5. Material Substitution
11.5.6. Ranking of Alternative Substitutes
11.5.7. Conclusion
11.6. Material Substitution in the Automotive Industry
11.6.1. Introduction
11.6.2. Materials and Manufacturing Processes for Interior Panels
11.6.3. Performance Indices of Interior Panels
11.6.3.1. Technical Characteristics
11.6.3.2. Cost Considerations for Interior Panel
11.6.3.3. Esthetics and Comfort
11.6.3.4. Environmental Considerations
11.6.4.Comparison of Candidate Materials
11.6.5. Performance/Cost Method of Substitution
11.6.6.Compound Objective Function Method
11.6.7. Conclusion
Bibliography and Further Readings
pt. IV Appendices
Appendix A Metallic Materials' Classification, General Characteristics, and Properties
Appendix B Polymers
Classification, General Characteristics, and Properties
Appendix C Ceramic Materials
Classification, General Characteristics, and Properties
Appendix D Composite Materials
Classification and Properties
Appendix E Semiconductors and Advanced Materials
Appendix F Conversion of Units and Hardness Values
Appendix G Glossary.

Materials and process selection for engineering design /

Ejemplares similares