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Commonsense reasoning : an event calculus based approach /
To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of artificial intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning: An Event Calculus Based Approach is a detailed, high-level reference on lo...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam :
Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann,
[2015]
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| Edición: | Second edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo (Requiere registro previo con correo institucional) |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Commonsense Reasoning:An Event Calculus Based Approach; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Praise for Commonsense Reasoning; Foreword to the First Edition; Preface; About the Author; Acknowledgments to the First Edition; Acknowledgments to the Second Edition; New to the Second Edition; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 What is Commonsense Reasoning?; 1.2 Key Issues of commonsense Reasoning; Representation; Objects, properties, events, and time; Object identity; Reasoning; Representations of commonsense knowledge; Effects of events; Context-sensitive effects; Nondeterministic effects
- Concurrent eventsSpace; Indirect effects; Preconditions; Commonsense law of inertia; Delayed effects and continuous change; Release from the commonsense law of inertia; Triggered events; Default reasoning; Mental states; Reasoning types; 1.2.1 Summary; 1.3 Brief history of commonsense reasoning; 1.3.1 Logical Methods; 1.3.2 Nonlogical Methods; 1.4 The event calculus; 1.4.1 Events, Fluents, and Timepoints; 1.4.2 A Simple Example; 1.4.3 Automated Event Calculus Reasoning; Bibliographic Notes; Commonsense reasoning; Logic and commonsense reasoning; Logical methods for commonsense reasoning
- Benchmark problemsNonlogical methods for commonsense reasoning; Declarative/procedural distinction; Automated reasoning and SAT; Part I: Foundations; Chapter 2: The Event Calculus; 2.1 First-order logic; 2.1.1 Syntax of First-Order Logic; 2.1.2 Semantics of First-Order Logic; 2.1.3 Proof Theory; 2.1.4 Many-Sorted First-Order Logic; 2.1.5 Notational Conventions; Case conventions; Implicit universal quantification; Conjunctions and disjunctions; Running exclusive or (XOR) notation; Definitions of abbreviations; 2.2 Event Calculus Basics; 2.2.1 Event Calculus Sorts
- 2.2.2 Event Calculus Predicates2.2.3 States of a Fluent; 2.3 Event calculus axiomatizations; 2.3.1 EC; Clipped, declipped, stopped, and started; Trajectory and AntiTrajectory; Inertia of HoldsAt; Inertia of ReleasedAt; Influence of events on fluents; 2.3.2 DEC; Stopped and started; Trajectory and AntiTrajectory; Inertia of HoldsAt; Inertia of ReleasedAt; Influence of events on fluents; 2.3.3 Choosing Between EC And DEC; 2.4 Reification; 2.4.1 Unique Names Axioms; 2.5 Conditions; 2.6 Circumscription; Nonmonotonic reasoning; 2.6.1 Computing Circumscription
- 2.6.2 Example: Circumscription of Happens2.6.3 Example: Circumscription of Initiates; 2.7 Domain descriptions; 2.7.1 Example: Sleep; 2.7.2 Inconsistency; 2.8 Reasoning types; 2.8.1 Deduction and Temporal Projection; 2.8.2 Abduction and Planning; 2.8.3 Example: Sleep Abduction; 2.8.4 Postdiction; 2.8.5 Model Finding; Bibliographic Notes; Event calculus basics and axioms; Reification; Time intervals; Nonmonotonic reasoning; Circumscription; Formalizing domains; Writing proofs; Reasoning types; Exercises; Part II: Commonsense Phenomena; Chapter 3: The Effects of Events