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Beyond the zone system /
"Beyond the Zone System, Fourth Edition successfully bridges the gap between the well-established science of sensitometry and the popular use of photography as an expressive medium." "Updated to include a new chapter on control of image gradation, Beyond the Zone System, Fourth Editio...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Boston :
Focal Press,
[1999]
|
| Edición: | Fourth edition. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo (Requiere registro previo con correo institucional) |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Chapter 1. Why Sensitometry?
- Chapter 2. Learning the Language
- What the Numbers Mean
- Arithmetic Series
- Geometric Series
- Stops
- Logarithms: Numerical Shorthand
- Graphs and Charts
- Exercises
- Chapter 3. How to Read and Interpret Characteristic Curves
- Some Terms Defined
- The Anatomy of a Characteristic Curve
- Film Image Formation
- Curve Gradient Measurements: Gamma (y)
- Average Gradient (G)
- Contrast Index (CI)
- Curve Gradient vs. Developing Time
- Film Speeds
- How Development Affects Film Speed
- How Film Speeds Are Determined
- Effective Film Speed (EFS)
- The Paper Curve
- Standards for Calibrating Paper Curves
- The Useful Limits of the Paper Curve
- Review: The Tone Reproduction Cycle
- Chapter 4. From Theory to Practice
- Drawing Tools and Techniques
- Analyzing the Paper Curve
- Flare Compensation
- Analyzing the Film Curve
- Locating IDmin
- Locating IDmax
- Determining the Subject Range
- Finding Effective Film Speeds
- Preparing the Working Charts
- Chapter 5. The Densitometer Dilemma
- How Densitometers Work
- Adapting Your Spotmeter for Densitometry
- Setting Up the Spotmeter/Densitometer
- The Step Tablet
- Chapter 6. Testing Your Materials
- Testing Paper: Preparation
- The Callier Quotient
- Contact-Printing Test Procedure
- Calculating the Test Exposure Time
- Projection Testing
- Preparing the Step Tablet
- Projection Test Procedure
- Testing Film
- Determining the Film Test Exposure
- Developing the Test Films: Preparation
- Tray Development of Sheet Film
- Tube Development of Sheet Film
- Testing Roll Film
- Roll Film Test Exposure
- Roll Film Development
- Chapter 7. Interpreting the Curves for Working Data
- Drawing and Analyzing Paper Curves
- Drawing Film Curves
- Troubleshooting the Film Test
- Calibrating Film Curves
- Locating the Speed Points
- Analyzing Film Curves
- Review of Analysis Systems
- Review of Zones and Stops
- Extracting Zone System Data from the Curves
- Extracting Incident System Data from the Curves
- Alternative Data
- Chapter 8. Getting to Know Your Meter
- Meter Types: Luminance and Illuminance
- The Wide-Field Averaging Meter
- The Spotmeter
- The Standard Gray Card
- The Incident Meter
- Meter Calibration
- Relating Light Readings to Camera Settings
- Chapter 9. Exposure/Development Control Systems
- The Zone System
- The Concept of Zones
- Metering and Zone Placement
- The N-Numbers
- Traditional Test Methods
- Using the Working Charts: An Example
- An Alternative: The Incident Meter
- Determining the SBR with an Incident Meter
- Metering for the Incident System
- Appraising Results Without a Densitometer
- Common Mistakes
- Incident Metering of Unusual Subjects
- Creative Incident Metering
- Chapter 10. Image Gradation
- Chapter 11. The Systems Beyond
- Visualization Aids
- Computer-Assisted Photography
- Computer Software: Plotter and Matcher
- Chapter 12. Fine Tuning
- "Failure" of the Reciprocity Law
- Testing for Reciprocity Effects
- Testing for Flare
- Compensating Your Film Curves for Flare
- Film Development Variations
- Water-Bath Development
- Divided Development
- Altering Paper Contrast: Preexposure
- Paper Development Variations
- Post-Treatment of Prints
- Appendix 1. Useful Equations
- Lens Formulas: f-numbers
- Lens Field Coverage Calculations
- G, SBR, N Conversions
- Depth-of-Field Calculations
- Appendix 2. Densitometer Design and Construction
- Appendix 3. Film Developing Tube
- Appendix 4. Practice Materials
- Appendix 5. The PowerDial
- Answers to Chapter 2 Exercises.