Electronic measurements and instrumentation /

Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation provides a comprehensive blend of the theoretical and practical aspects of electronic measurements and instrumentation. It provides a comprehensive coverage of each topic in the syllabus with a special fo.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Lal Kishore, K.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Chennai : Pearson, Dorling Kindersley, ©2010.
Temas:
Electronic measurements.
Electronic instruments.
Mesures électroniques.
Appareils électroniques.
Electronic instruments
Electronic measurements
Acceso en línea:Texto completo (Requiere registro previo con correo institucional)
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • About the Author
  • Chapter 1: Measurements and Instruments
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Terminology
  • 1.2.1 Advantages of Instrumentation Systems
  • 1.2.2 Block Schematics of Measuring Systems
  • 1.2.3 Other Systems
  • 1.2.4 Objectives of Measurement
  • 1.2.5 Comparison between Analog and Digital Instruments
  • 1.2.6 Factors for the Selection of Analog and Digital Equipments
  • 1.3 Performance Characteristics
  • 1.3.1 Definitions
  • 1.4 Significant Figures
  • 1.5 Dynamic Characteristics
  • 1.6 Types of Errors
  • 1.6.1 Gross Errors
  • 1.6.2 Systematic Errors
  • 1.6.3 Random Errors
  • 1.7 Statistical Analysis
  • 1.7.1 Probability of Errors and Gaussian Curve
  • 1.8 Measurement Standards
  • 1.9 Suspension Galvanometer
  • 1.10 D'Arsonval Movement
  • 1.10.1 Taut-Band Suspension
  • 1.10.2 Temperature Compensation
  • 1.10.3 Shunt Resistor
  • 1.10.4 Ayrton Shunt
  • 1.11 Direct Current Meters
  • 1.12 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Used in DC Voltmeters
  • 1.12.1 Ammeter Loading Effect
  • 1.13 DC Voltmeters
  • 1.13.1 Multirange Voltmeter
  • 1.14 Ohmmeter
  • 1.14.1 Series-Type Ohmmeter
  • 1.14.2 Shunt-Type Ohmmeter
  • 1.14.3 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Used in Ohmmeter
  • 1.14.4 Multiple Range Ohmmeters
  • 1.14.5 Electrolyte Capacitor Leakage Tests
  • 1.14.6 For Non-Electrolyte Capacitors
  • 1.15 Multimeter
  • 1.16 Alternating Current-Indicating Instruments
  • 1.16.1 Electrodynamometer
  • 1.17 Rectifier-Type Instruments
  • 1.18 Meter Protection
  • 1.19 Extension of Range
  • 1.20 Frequency Compensation
  • 1.21 Electronic Voltmeter (for DC)
  • 1.22 Electronic Voltmeter (for AC)
  • 1.22.1 Average Reading Voltmeter
  • 1.22.2 Peak Reading Voltmeter
  • 1.22.3 Peak-To-Peak Detector
  • 1.23 DC Meter with Amplifier
  • 1.24 Chopper-Stabilised Amplifier
  • 1.25 AC Voltmeter using Rectifiers.
  • 1.26 True RMS-Responding Voltmeter
  • 1.27 Balanced Bridge Voltmeter (VTVM)
  • 1.27.1 Advantages
  • 1.27.2 Disadvantages
  • 1.28 Transistor Voltmeter (TVM)
  • 1.29 Electronic Multimeter
  • 1.29.1 Resistance Ranges
  • 1.30 AC Current Measurement
  • 1.30.1 Differential Voltmeter
  • 1.31 Differential Amplifier
  • 1.32 Alternating Current Instruments (AC Meters)
  • 1.32.1 D'Arsonval Meter Movement for AC Circuit
  • 1.32.2 Modified Circuit for AC Measurements
  • 1.32.3 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Circuit (FWR)
  • 1.33 Electrodynamometer Movement
  • 1.33.1 Transfer Instruments
  • 1.33.2 Iron Vane-Meter Movement
  • 1.34 Thermocouple Meter
  • 1.34.1 Constant Voltage Source
  • 1.34.2 Constant Current Source
  • 1.34.3 Volt Box
  • 1.34.4 Factors to be Considered in the Selection of an Analog Voltmeter
  • 1.35 Digital Voltmeters
  • 1.35.1 General Specifications
  • 1.36 Ramp-Type DVM
  • 1.37 Staircase Ramp-Type DVM
  • 1.38 Dual Slope Integrating-Type DVM
  • 1.39 Successive-Approximation Conversion (SAC)
  • 1.39.1 Block Schematic
  • 1.40 Continuous Balance-Type DVM
  • 1.41 Automatic Polarity Indication for DVM
  • 1.42 Autoranging for DVM
  • 1.42.1 Typical Case
  • 1.43 3 3 4 Digit Display
  • 1.44 Picoammeter
  • 1.44.1 Applications
  • 1.45 Low-Current Ammeter Applications
  • 1.45.1 Wafer-Level Photodiode Testing
  • 1.45.2 Monitoring and Control of Focused Ion Beam Currents
  • 1.46 High-Resistance Measurements
  • 1.47 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems
  • Chapter 2: Waveform Generators
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Considerations in Choosing an Oscillator or Signal Generator
  • 2.3 Sine Wave Generator
  • 2.4 Oscillator Circuit
  • 2.5 Attenuator
  • 2.6 Frequency-Synthesised Signal Generator
  • 2.7 Sweep-Frequency Generator
  • 2.8 Pulse and Square Wave Generator
  • 2.9 Function Generator.
  • 2.10 Arbitrary Waveform Generator
  • 2.10.1 Applications
  • 2.11 Video Signal Generator
  • 2.12 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems
  • Chapter 3: Signal Analysers
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Wave Analyser
  • 3.3 AF Wave Analyser
  • 3.4 High-Frequency Wave Analyser
  • 3.4.1 Frequency Mixers
  • 3.5 Harmonic Distortion
  • 3.5.1 Tunable Selective Circuit
  • 3.5.2 Disadvantages
  • 3.5.3 Heterodyne Wave Analyser (Wavemeter)
  • 3.5.4 Fundamental Suppression Method of Distortion Measurement
  • 3.6 Heterodyne Wave Analyser
  • 3.6.1 Applications of Wave Analysers
  • 3.7 Tuned Circuit Harmonic Analyser
  • 3.8 Heterodyne Harmonic Analyser or Wavemeter
  • 3.9 Fundamental Suppression Harmonic Distortion Analyser
  • 3.10 Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.10.1 Characteristics of a Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.10.2 Applications of a Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.10.3 Basic Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.10.4 Factors to be Considered in a Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.11 Low-Frequency Spectrum Analyser
  • 3.11.1 Applications
  • 3.12 Power Analyser
  • 3.12.1 Communications Signal Analyser
  • 3.12.2 Logic Analysers
  • 3.12.3 Network Monitoring System
  • 3.12.4 System Architecture
  • 3.12.5 Features
  • 3.12.6 Applications
  • 3.13 Capacitance-Voltage Analysers
  • 3.14 Oscillators
  • 3.14.1 Considerations in Choosing an Oscillator
  • 3.15 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems
  • Chapter 4: Oscilloscopes
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
  • 4.3 Block Diagram of a CRO
  • 4.4 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
  • 4.5 Graticules
  • 4.6 Electrostatic Deflection Sensitivity
  • 4.6.1 Design Criteria
  • 4.7 Different Controls in a CRO
  • 4.7.1 How to Operate a CRO
  • 4.8 Time Base Generators
  • 4.8.1 Time Base Circuits
  • 4.9 Triggered Mode
  • 4.9.1 Free-Running Mode.
  • 4.9.2 Synchronisation of the Sweep Circuit
  • 4.9.3 Types of CROS
  • 4.9.4 Sections of CRTs
  • 4.9.5 Deflection Sensitivity Equation
  • 4.10 Neon Time Base Circuit
  • 4.10.1 Frequency of Neon Time Base
  • 4.10.2 Neon Lamp
  • 4.10.3 Free-Running Mode of CRO
  • 4.10.4 Using CRO in Triggered Mode
  • 4.10.5 Automode of Sweep
  • 4.10.6 Normal Mode
  • 4.11 Time Base Circuit for a General-Purpose CRO
  • 4.11.1 Synchronisation Issues
  • 4.11.2 Line Synchronisation
  • 4.12 Lissajous Figures
  • 4.13 Types of CRO Probes
  • 4.13.1 Direct Probe
  • 4.13.2 High-Impedance Probe
  • 4.13.3 Detector Probe
  • 4.13.4 High-Voltage Probe
  • 4.14 High-Frequency CRO Considerations
  • 4.15 Delay Lines in CROs
  • 4.15.1 Lumped Parameter Delay Line
  • 4.15.2 Distributed Parameter Delay Line
  • 4.16 Applications of CRO
  • 4.17 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems
  • Chapter 5: Special Types of CROs
  • 5.1 Special Types of Oscilloscopes
  • 5.2 Dual Beam CRO
  • 5.3 Dual Trace CRO
  • 5.4 Sampling Oscilloscope
  • 5.4.1 Sampling Oscilloscopes
  • Vertical and Time Base
  • 5.4.2 Sampling Vertical
  • 5.4.3 Sampling Time Base
  • 5.5 Storage Oscilloscopes
  • 5.5.1 Mesh Storage
  • 5.5.2 Variable Persistence
  • 5.5.3 Phosphor Storage
  • 5.5.4 Phosphor Characteristics
  • 5.5.5 Persistence of Phosphor Materials
  • 5.5.6 CRO Subsystems
  • 5.6 Digital Storage CRO
  • 5.6.1 CRO Probes
  • 5.7 Frequency/Period-Timer/Counter Circuit
  • 5.8 Frequency Measurement
  • 5.9 Period Measurement
  • 5.9.1 Advantages
  • 5.10 Errors in Frequency/Period Measurements
  • 5.10.1 Errors Because of Crystal Stability
  • 5.11 Universal Counters
  • 5.12 Extending the Range of Frequency Counters
  • 5.13 Glossary
  • 5.14 The ABC's of Oscilloscopes
  • 5.15 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems.
  • Chapter 6: DC and AC Bridges
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 DC Bridges
  • 6.3 Wheatstone Bridge
  • 6.3.1 Operation
  • 6.3.2 Measurement Errors
  • 6.3.3 Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit
  • 6.4 Kelvin Bridge
  • 6.4.1 Kelvin Double Bridge
  • 6.4.2 Applications
  • 6.5 Strain Gauge Bridge Circuit
  • 6.6 AC Bridges
  • 6.6.1 General Form of Bridge Circuit
  • 6.7 Maxwell Bridge
  • 6.7.1 Phasor Diagram for the Maxwell Bridge
  • 6.8 Hay Bridge
  • 6.8.1 Phasor Diagram for Hay Bridge
  • 6.9 Schering Bridge
  • 6.9.1 Phasor Diagram for a Schering Bridge
  • 6.10 Wien Bridge
  • 6.10.1 Phasor Diagram for the Wien Bridge
  • 6.11 Anderson Bridge
  • 6.12 Resonance Bridge
  • 6.13 Similar Angle Bridge
  • 6.14 Radio Frequency Bridge (Subtitution Technique)
  • 6.15 Wagner's Ground Connection
  • 6.16 Twin-T Null Network
  • 6.17 Bridged-T Network
  • 6.18 Detectors for AC Bridges
  • 6.19 Phasor Diagrams
  • 6.20 Recorders
  • 6.20.1 Introduction
  • 6.21 Strip-Chart Recorders
  • 6.21.1 Galvanometric Recorders
  • 6.21.2 Sensitivity
  • 6.21.3 Transient Response
  • 6.22 Pen-Driving Mechanism
  • 6.23 Other Features
  • 6.24 Servorecorders
  • 6.25 Servobalancing Potentiometric Recorder
  • 6.26 Characteristics of Typical Servorecorders
  • 6.27 Oscillographic Recorders
  • 6.28 Magnetic Tape Recorders
  • 6.28.1 Direct AM Recording
  • 6.28.2 Frequency Modulation Recording
  • 6.29 Recorders (Contd.)
  • 6.29.1 X-Y Recorders
  • 6.29.2 Self-Balancing Potentiometers
  • 6.29.3 Working of a Servotype Motor
  • 6.29.4 Chopper
  • 6.29.5 Servotype X-Y Recorders
  • 6.29.6 Y-Scale
  • 6.30 Galvonometer Oscillographs
  • 6.30.1 Applications
  • 6.31 Summary
  • Points to Remember
  • Objective-type Questions
  • Review Questions
  • Unsolved Problems
  • Chapter 7: Transducers
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Examples
  • 7.2 Classification of Transducers
  • 7.3 Active and Passive Transducers.

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