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Fracturing Horizontal Wells /
This hands-on guide teaches the application of modern fracturing methods in horizontal wells.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York, N.Y. :
McGraw-Hill Education,
[2016]
|
| Edición: | First edition. |
| Colección: | McGraw-Hill's AccessEngineering.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Chapter 1. Fracture Stimulation of Horizontal Wells
- Background
- Horizontal Wellbores of Past Days
- Fracture Stimulation of Inclined Wellbores
- Fracturing Horizontal Wells
- Growth of Horizontal Well Interest During Mid to Late 1980s
- Fracturing Shale Formations
- SCM
- What About Oil?
- References
- Chapter 2. Transitioning from Vertical to Horizontal Wellbores
- Introduction
- Tight Gas Sands
- What Makes Shale Different?
- Basin Modeling and Fluid Migration Modeling
- The Need for Horizontal Drilling
- Earth Modeling
- Well Placement
- Stimulation Design
- A Workflow for Unconventional Assets
- References
- Chapter 3. Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Horizontal Wells
- Introduction
- Horizontal Well Definitions
- Why Should We Drill Horizontal Wells?
- Well Candidates
- Flow Regimes in Horizontal Wells
- Analytical Solutions for Horizontal Well Performance
- Steady-State Development for Oil Wells
- Effect of Various Parameters on Horizontal Well Productivity
- Formation Damage: Effects and Distribution around a Horizontal Wellbore
- Performance Comparison of Horizontal Well versus Fractured Vertical Well
- Review of Specific Applications of Horizontal Wells
- Steamflooding
- Nomenclature
- References
- Chapter 4. Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Fractured Horizontal Wells
- Introduction
- Fractured Horizontal Wells
- Transverse Fractures
- Productivity Comparison
- Effect of Number of Fractures
- Openhole versus Cased Hole Completions
- Effects of Overflushing
- Performance of Longitudinal Fractures
- Fluid Flow in Fractured Shale Formation
- Effect of Reservoir Complexity
- Overall Optimization of Number of Transverse Fractures in Shale
- Field Cases and Matching Production
- Nomenclature
- References
- Chapter 5. Fracturing Horizontal Wells: Rock Mechanics Overview
- Introduction
- Calculation of Underground Stress and Deformation
- Stress Distribution around a Vertical Well
- Stress Distribution around a Deviated Well
- Stress Distribution around a Horizontal Well
- The Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
- Horizontal Wellbore Stability
- Wellbore Stability Analysis for a Deviated Well
- Parametric Sensitivity Analysis for Wellbore Stability
- Borehole Breakout Analysis
- Fracturing Failure Criteria for Transverse Fractures
- Fracturing a Vertical Well
- Fracturing a Deviated Well
- Fracturing a Horizontal Well
- Creation of Transverse Fractures
- Perforated Interval for Creation of Transverse Fractures
- Creation of Longitudinal Fractures.
- Reorientation of Fractures and Reorientation Radius
- Multiple Fractures at and away from the Wellbore
- T-Shaped Fracture
- Creation of Transverse Fracturing in an OpenHole
- Effect of Packers on Creating Transverse Fractures
- Stress Interference
- Stress Interference Caused by the Presence of (a) Semi-Infinite Fracture(s)
- Stress Interference Caused by the Presence of a Penny-Shaped Fracture
- Stress Interference Caused by the Presence of an Elliptical Fracture
- Interference Caused by the Presence of Multiple Fractures in a Horizontal Well
- Effect of Different Types of Completion of Horizontal Wells on Stress Interference
- Stress Distribution in a Geological Structure
- Field Example
- Transverse versus Longitudinal Fractures
- Multiple Fracturing in Shale Formations
- Alternating Fractures Stress-Diversion Method
- Modified Zipper-Frac
- Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Placement in Horizontal Wellbore
- Coupling in Hydraulic Fracturing Problems
- Effects of Fracture Height
- Fracture Placement in Horizontal Wellbores
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 6. Drilling of Horizontal Wells
- Introduction
- Discussion
- References
- Chapter 7. Proppant and Proppant Transport
- Sustaining Conductivity
- References
- Chapter 8. Fracture Diagnostic Testing
- Introduction
- Step-Rate Testing
- Determining NWB Friction from Step-Down-Rate Testing
- Pump-In/Flowback Testing
- Pump-In/Shut-In Testing
- Modifications to the Conventional Analysis
- Use of G-Function during the Analysis of Pump-In/Shut-In Testing
- Determination of Formation Permeability Using Preclosure Transient Analysis
- Updates to Valk? and Economides Model
- Field Examples: Preclosure Transient Analysis
- After-Closure Analysis to Determine Permeability and Reservoir Pressure
- Field Examples
- Application in a Fractured Horizontal Well
- Application to Unconventional Reservoirs
- Nomenclature
- References
- Chapter 9. Interval Isolation
- Introduction
- Primary Cementing in Wells with Horizontal and Deviated Holes
- Improved Liner Cementing and Mechanical Isolation
- Universal Cement System
- Annular Pressure Buildup and Sustained Casing Pressure
- Other Isolation Techniques Used for Stimulation Processes
- Cement Job Evaluation
- Remedial Cementing
- Squeeze Cementing
- Cement Slurry
- Placement Methods
- Enabling Technology
- Bottomhole Kickoff Assembly.
- Bridge Plug
- Easily Drilled Bridge Plug and Squeeze Packer
- References
- Chapter 10. Horizontal Completion Fracturing Methods and Techniques
- Introduction
- Wellbore Types
- Fracturing Methods for Uncased Horizontal Completions
- Fracturing Methods in Cased Horizontal Completions?Casing Injection
- Fracturing Methods in Cased Horizontal Completions?Tubing or Annular Path Injection
- Refracturing
- Refracturing Methods
- References
- Chapter 11. Use of Well Logging Measurements and Analysis for Fracturing Design
- Well Logging in Unconventional Reservoirs
- Formation Elastic Properties from Well Logs
- Logging Tools Required
- Effects of Anisotropy
- Use of Image Logs for Stress Field Orientation
- Brittleness Index from Formation Elastic Constants
- Unconventional Reservoir Characterization by Mineralogy
- New Fracturability Indices
- Fracturability Index is a Mineralogical Index: A New Approach for Fracturing Decision
- Overburden Stress from Density Logging
- Fracture Initiation Pressure
- Identification of "Sweet Spots" with Logging Measurements
- Fracture Treatment Monitoring
- Production Logging for Fracturing Stage Performance Monitoring
- References
- Chapter 12. Fracture Treatment Diagnostics
- Overview
- Microseismic Mapping
- Sources of Microseismicity
- Detecting Microseisms
- Microseismic Data
- Analysis of Microseismic Data
- Setting Up a Microseismic Test
- Monitoring
- Source Analyses
- Multiwell Monitoring and Other Conditions
- Validation
- Microseismic Examples
- Barnett Two-Well Monitoring of Gel and Waterfrac Treatments
- Barnett Single-Well Stimulation versus "Zipper Frac" Stimulation
- Marcellus Two-Well Stimulation Program
- Canadian Sedimentary Basin Example
- Surface Microseismic Monitoring
- Microdeformation (Tiltmeter) Fracture Monitoring
- Why Surface Deformation Occurs
- Tiltmeters
- Deploying an Array of Tiltmeters
- Tiltmeter Data
- Stimulated Reservoir Characterization Analysis
- Downhole Tiltmeter Arrays
- Microdeformation Examples
- Lost Hills Diatomite Example
- McLure Shale Example
- Eagle Ford Integrated Example
- Distributed Temperature Sensing
- DTS System
- DTS Examples
- Distributed Acoustic Sensing
- Tracers
- Radioactive Tracer Application
- Chemical Oil Tracer Application
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 13. Environmental Stewardship
- Introduction
- Water Acquisition
- Freshwater Withdrawal
- Alternative Water Sources
- Drilling and Well Completion
- Drilling
- Well Construction
- Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids
- Hydraulic Fracturing Additives
- Transportation, Storage, and Chemical Spills
- Well Injection
- Emissions
- Earthquake Concerns Related to the Hydraulic Fracturing Process
- Produced Water
- Treatment of Produced Water
- Candidate Water Treatment Technologies
- Reuse of Produced Water in Subsequent Hydraulic Fracturing Operation
- Disposal
- Earthquake Concerns from Disposal Wells
- Transportation, Storage, and Spills
- Regulatory Oversight
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z.