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Master handbook of acoustics
Fully revised and updated, the Sixth Edition of this classic, revered text now includes the latest modern updates in audio technology and architectural design.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York, N.Y. :
McGraw-Hill Education LLC.,
c2015.
|
| Edición: | 6th edition |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- A. Dedication
- B. About the Authors
- C. Introduction
- 1. Fundamentals of Sound
- Simple Harmonic Motion and the Sine Wave
- Sound in Media
- Wavelength and Frequency
- Complex Waves
- Octaves
- Spectrum
- Electrical, Mechanical, and Acoustical Analogs
- 2. Sound Levels and the Decibel
- Ratios versus Differences
- Logarithms
- Decibels
- Reference Levels
- Logarithmic and Exponential Forms Compared
- Acoustic Power
- Using Decibels
- Measuring Sound-Pressure Level
- Sine-Wave Measurements
- 3. Sound in the Free Field
- The Free Field
- Sound Divergence
- Sound Intensity in the Free Field
- Sound Pressure in the Free Field
- Sound Fields in Enclosed Spaces
- 4. The Perception of Sound
- Sensitivity of the Ear
- Ear Anatomy
- Loudness versus Frequency
- Loudness versus Sound-Pressure Level
- Loudness and Bandwidth
- Loudness of Impulses
- Audibility of Loudness Changes
- Pitch versus Frequency
- An Experiment in Pitch
- Timbre versus Spectrum
- Localization of Sound Sources
- Binaural Localization
- Law of the First Wavefront
- Perception of Reflected Sound
- The Cocktail-Party Effect
- Aural Nonlinearity
- Subjective versus Objective Evaluation
- Occupational and Recreational Hearing Loss
- Summary
- 5. Signals, Speech, Music, and Noise
- Sound Spectrograph
- Speech
- Music
- Dynamic Range of Speech and Music
- Power in Speech and Music
- Frequency Range of Speech and Music
- Auditory Area of Speech and Music
- Noise
- Noise Measurements
- Signal Distortion
- Harmonic Distortion
- Resonance
- Audio Filters
- 6. Reflection
- Specular Reflections
- Doubling of Pressure at Reflection
- Reflections from Convex Surfaces
- Reflections from Concave Surfaces
- Reflections from Parabolic Surfaces
- Whispering Galleries
- Standing Waves
- Corner Reflectors
- Mean Free Path
- Perception of Sound Reflections
- 7. Diffraction
- Diffraction and Wavefront Propagation
- Diffraction and Wavelength
- Diffraction by Obstacles
- Diffraction by Apertures
- Diffraction by a Slit
- Diffraction by a Zone Plate
- Diffraction around the Human Head
- Diffraction by Loudspeaker Cabinet Edges
- Diffraction by Various Objects
- 8. Refraction
- The Nature of Refraction
- Refraction in Solids
- Refraction in the Atmosphere
- Refraction in Enclosed Spaces
- Refraction in the Ocean
- 9. Diffusion
- The Perfectly Diffuse Sound Field
- Evaluating Diffusion in a Room
- Decay Beats
- Exponential Decay
- Spatial Uniformity of Reverberation Time
- Geometrical Irregularities
- Absorbent in Patches
- Concave Surfaces
- Convex Surfaces: The Polycylindrical Diffuser
- Plane Surfaces
- 10. Comb-Filter Effects
- Comb Filters
- Superposition of Sound
- Tonal Signals and Comb Filters
- Combing of Music and Speech Signals
- Comb Filters and Critical Bands
- Comb Filters in Multichannel Playback
- Reflections and Spaciousness
- Comb Filters in Microphone Placement
- Comb-Filter Effects in Practice: Six Examples
- Estimating Comb-Filter Response
- 11. Reverberation
- Growth of Sound in a Room
- Decay of Sound in a Room
- Idealized Growth and Decay of Sound
- Calculating Reverberation Time
- Measuring Reverberation Time
- Reverberation and Normal Modes
- Reverberation Characteristic
- Decay Rate and the Reverberant Field
- Acoustically Coupled Spaces
- Electroacoustically Coupled Spaces
- Eliminating Decay Fluctuations
- Influence of Reverberation on Speech
- Influence of Reverberation on Music
- Optimum Reverberation Time
- Artificial Reverberation
- Examples of Reverberation Time Calculations.
- 12. Absorption
- Dissipation of Sound Energy
- Absorption Coefficients
- Mounting of Absorbents
- Mid/High-Frequency Absorption by Porosity
- Glass-Fiber Low-Density Materials
- Glass-Fiber High-Density Boards
- Glass-Fiber Acoustical Tile
- Effect of Thickness of Absorbent
- Effect of Airspace behind Absorbent
- Effect of Density of Absorbent
- Open-Cell Foams
- Drapes as Sound Absorbers
- Carpet as Sound Absorber
- Sound Absorption by People
- Sound Absorption in Air
- Panel (Diaphragmatic) Absorbers
- Polycylindrical Absorbers
- Bass Traps: Low-Frequency Absorption by Resonance
- Helmholtz (Volume) Resonators
- Perforated Panel Absorbers
- Slat Absorbers
- Placement of Materials
- Reverberation Time of Helmholtz Resonators
- Increasing Reverberation Time
- Absorption Module Design
- 13. Modal Resonances
- Early Experiments and Examples
- Resonance in a Pipe
- Indoor Reflections
- Two-Wall Resonance
- Frequency Regions
- Room-Mode Equation
- Mode Decay
- Mode Bandwidth
- Mode Pressure Plots
- Mode Density
- Mode Spacing and Timbral Defects
- Optimal Room Proportions
- Splaying Room Surfaces
- Controlling Problem Modes
- Simplified Axial-Mode Analysis
- Summary
- 14. Schroeder Diffusers
- Experimentation
- Reflection Phase-Grating Diffusers
- Quadratic Residue Diffusers
- Primitive Root Diffusers
- Performance of Diffraction-Grating Diffusers
- Reflection Phase-Grating Diffuser Applications
- Comparison of Gratings with Conventional Approaches
- 15. Adjustable Acoustics
- Draperies
- Absorptive Adjustable Panels
- Hinged Panels
- Louvered Panels
- Absorptive/Diffusive Adjustable Panels
- Variable Resonant Devices
- Rotating Elements
- Portable Units
- 16. Sound Isolation and Site Selection
- Propagation through Barriers
- Approaches to Noise Control
- Airborne Noise
- Effect of Mass and Frequency
- Porous Materials
- Sound Transmission Class
- Structureborne Noise
- Noise and Room Resonances
- Site Selection
- The Noise Survey
- Assessment of Environmental Noise
- Recommended Practices
- Noise Measurements and Construction
- Floor Plan Considerations
- 17. Sound Isolation: Walls, Floors, and Ceilings
- Walls as Effective Noise Barriers
- The Mass Law and Wall Design
- Separation of Mass in Wall Design
- Wall Design Summary
- Improving an Existing Wall
- Flanking Sound
- Gypsum Board Walls as Sound Barriers
- Masonry Walls as Sound Barriers
- Weak Links
- Summary of Wall STC Ratings
- Floating Floors
- Floor/Ceiling Construction
- Footfall Noise
- Floor/Ceiling Structures and Their IIC Performance
- Floor/Ceilings in Frame Buildings
- 18. Sound Isolation: Windows and Doors
- Single-Pane Windows
- Double-Pane Windows
- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Mass-Air-Mass Resonance
- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Coincidence Resonance
- Acoustical Holes in Glass: Standing Waves in the Cavity
- Glass Mass and Spacing
- Dissimilar Panes
- Laminated Glass
- Plastic Panes
- Slanting the Glass
- Third Pane
- Cavity Absorbent
- Thermal Glass
- Example of an Optimized Double-Pane Window
- Construction of an Observation Window
- Proprietary Observation Windows
- Sound-Insulating Doors
- Sound Locks
- Composite Partitions.
- 19. Noise Control in Ventilating Systems
- Selection of Noise Criterion
- Fan Noise
- Machinery Noise and Vibration
- Air Velocity
- Natural Attenuation
- Duct Lining
- Plenum Silencers
- Packaged Attenuators
- Reactive Silencers
- Tuned Silencers
- Duct Location
- ASHRAE
- Active Noise Control
- Some Practical Suggestions
- 20. Acoustics of Listening Rooms and Home Theaters
- Playback Criteria
- Planning the Playback Room
- Acoustical Treatment of Playback Rooms
- Peculiarities of Small-Room Acoustics
- Low-Frequency Considerations
- Mid/High-Frequency Considerations
- Loudspeaker Placement
- Listening Room Plan
- Home-Theater Plan
- 21. Acoustics of Home Studios
- Home Acoustics: Modes
- Home Acoustics: Reverberation
- Home Acoustics: Noise Control
- Studio Budget
- Studio Treatment
- Home Studio Plan
- Recording in the Studio
- Garage Studio
- 22. Acoustics of Small Recording Studios
- Ambient Noise Requirements
- Acoustical Characteristics of a Studio
- Room Modes and Room Volume
- Reverberation Time
- Diffusion
- Noise
- Studio Design Example
- 23. Acoustics of Large Recording Studios
- Design Criteria
- Floor Plan
- Wall Sections
- Studio Treatment
- Drum Booth
- Vocal Booth
- Sound-Lock Corridor
- Reverberation Time
- 24. Acoustics of Control Rooms
- Initial Time-Delay Gap
- Live End?Dead End
- Specular Reflections versus Diffusion
- Low-Frequency Resonances in Control Rooms
- Initial Time-Delay Gaps in Practice
- Loudspeaker Placement and Reflection Paths
- The Reflection-Free-Zone Control Room
- Control-Room Frequency Range
- Outer Shell and Inner Shell of the Control Room
- Design Criteria
- Design Example 1: Control Room with Rectangular Walls
- Design Example 2: Double-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls
- Design Example 3: Single-Shell Control Room with Splayed Walls
- 25. Acoustics of Audio/Video Rooms
- Design Factors
- Acoustical Treatment
- Audio/Video Room Example
- Voice-Over Booth
- Live End?Dead End Voice Studio
- 26. Acoustics of Large Halls
- Essential Design Criteria
- Reverberation and Echo Control
- Air Absorption
- Hall Design for Speech
- Speech Intelligibility
- Concert Hall Acoustical Design
- Concert Hall Architectural Design
- Virtual Image Source Analysis
- Hall Design Procedure
- Case Studies
- 27. Acoustical Distortion
- Acoustical Distortion and the Perception of Sound
- Sources of Acoustical Distortion
- Design Approach
- 28. Room Acoustics Measurement Software
- Acoustical Measurements
- Basic Analysis Instruments
- Time-Delay Spectrometry Techniques
- Maximum-Length Sequence Techniques
- AcoustiSoft ETF Program.
- 29. Room Optimizer
- Modal Response
- Speaker-Boundary Interference Response
- Optimization
- Theory of Operation
- Optimization Procedure
- Results of Operation
- Summary
- 30. Room Auralization
- History of Acoustical Modeling
- The Auralization Process
- Summary
- A. Bibliography
- Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Sound
- Chapter 2 Sound Levels and the Decibel
- Chapter 3 Sound in the Free Field
- Chapter 4 The Perception of Sound
- Chapter 5 Signals, Speech, Music, and Noise
- Chapter 6 Reflection
- Chapter 7 Diffraction
- Chapter 8 Refraction
- Chapter 9 Diffusion
- Chapter 10 Comb-Filter Effects
- Chapter 11 Reverberation
- Chapter 12 Absorption
- Chapter 13 Modal Resonances
- Chapter 14 Schroeder Diffusers
- Chapter 15 Adjustable Acoustics
- Chapter 16 Sound Isolation and Site Selection
- Chapter 17 Sound Isolation: Walls, Floors, and Ceilings
- Chapter 18 Sound Isolation: Windows and Doors
- Chapter 19 Noise Control in Ventilating Systems
- Chapter 20 Acoustics of Listening Rooms and Home Theaters
- Chapter 21 Acoustics of Home Studios
- Chapter 22 Acoustics of Small Recording Studios
- Chapter 23 Acoustics of Large Recording Studios
- Chapter 24 Acoustics of Control Rooms
- Chapter 25 Acoustics of Audio/Video Rooms
- Chapter 26 Acoustics of Large Halls
- Chapter 27 Acoustic Distortion
- Chapter 28 Room Acoustics Measurement Software
- Chapter 29 Room Optimizer
- Chapter 30 Room Auralization
- B. Appendix: Selected Absorption Coefficients
- C. Glossary.