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Transformers
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York, N.Y. :
McGraw-Hill Education LLC.,
c2003.
|
| Edición: | 2nd ed. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Foreword
- F. Preface to the second edition
- G. Preface to the first edition
- H. Acknowledgements
- I. Editorial committee
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Principles of transformers
- Working principle of a transformer
- Elementary theory of an ideal transformer
- Emf equation of a transformer
- Voltage transformation ratio (k)
- Ideal transformer
- Transformer having winding resistance but no magnetic leakage
- Magnetic leakage
- Transformer with resistance and leakage reactance
- Equivalent circuit
- Regulation
- Losses in transformers
- Efficiency
- The auto-transformer
- Three-winding transformer
- Parallel operations of transformers
- Appendix
- References
- 3. Materials used in transformers
- Insulating oil
- Insulating paper
- Pressboard
- Wood
- Insulated copper conductor for windings
- Crepe paper covered flexible copper cable
- Sealing materials
- Cold rolled grain-oriented electrical steel sheet (crgo)
- Structural steel
- Future trends
- References
- 4. Magnetic circuit
- Material
- Design of magnetic circuit
- Optimum design of core
- Manufacturing
- References
- 5. Windings and insulation
- Types of windings
- Surge voltage behaviour of windings
- Internal heat transfer in windings
- Insulation design
- Electric field plotting
- Finite difference method (fdm)
- References
- 6. Voltage regulation and tapchanger
- Off-circuit tapchanger
- On-load tapchanger (oltc)
- Constructional and operational features of oltc
- Manual and electrical operation of tapchanger
- Automatic control of tapchanger
- Tapchanger selection
- Latest trends in tapchanger design
- Reference
- 7. Electromagnetic forces in power transformers
- Leakage flux in a typical two winding transformer
- Nature of forces
- Basic formula and methods for force evaluation
- Radial forces
- Axial forces
- Roth's method of force calculation
- Modes of failure of windings and design of windings
- Strengthening of coils to withstand short-circuit forces
- Design of clamping structures
- List of symbols
- References
- 8. Cooling arrangements
- Various types of cooling
- Cooling arrangements
- Propeller type fans
- Transformer oil pump
- Flow indicators
- Stress and hydraulic analysis of pipework
- 9. Design procedure
- Specifications of a transformer
- Selection of core diameter
- Selection of flux density
- Selection of type of core
- Selection of leg length
- Selection of type of windings
- Selection of tapchanger
- Calculation of number of turns
- Selection of conductor and current density
- Insulation design
- Calculation of lateral and axial dimensions of coils
- Ampere-turn balancing
- Reactance calculation
- Iron weight and losses
- Copper weight and losses
- Stray losses in transformer
- Stray loss control
- Impulse calculation
- Mechanical forces in windings
- Temperature gradient and cooling calculation
- Typical design calculations for two winding and auto-transformers
- References.
- 10. Structural design of transformer tank
- Types of tank constructions
- Structural design of transformer tanks
- Testing of tanks
- References
- 11. Transformer auxiliaries and oil preservation systems
- Gas operated (buchholz) relay
- Temperature indicators
- Pressure relief valve
- Oil level indicator
- Bushing and cable sealing box
- Silicagel breather
- Gas sealed conservators
- Thermosyphon filters
- Bellows and diaphragm sealed conservators
- Refrigeration breathers
- 12. Manufacturing and assembly
- Core building
- Preparation of windings
- Winding assembly
- Core and winding assembly
- Terminal gear assembly
- Placement of core and winding assembly in tank
- Processing
- Servicing of transformer
- Tanking
- 13. Drying and impregnation
- Basic principles of drying
- Conventional vacuum drying
- Vapour phase drying
- References
- 14. Testing of transformers and reactors
- Testing of power transformers
- Impulse testing
- References
- Partial discharge testing
- References
- Testing of reactors
- References
- Short-circuit testing of power transformers
- 15. Standards on power transformers
- First revision of is: 2026
- Other related standards
- New standards
- Standard specification of a power transformer
- Appendix i
- I. Indian standards related to power transformers
- Ii. Iec publications
- 16. Loading and life of transformers
- Life of a transformer
- Ageing of insulation
- Law of insulation ageing
- Significance of weighted value of ambient temperature
- Relationship between weighted ambient, winding rise and hot-spot temperatures
- Determination of weighted ambient temperature
- Relationship between weighted ambient and load
- Alternative approach for the calculation of weighted ambient
- Transformer loading guides
- Loading by hot-spot temperature measured by wti
- Selection and use of a transformer
- References
- Annexure i correction factors
- Annexure ii
- Annexure iii loading table transformers onan/onaf cooled (to is : 2026)
- 17. Erection and commissioning
- Despatch
- Inspection upon arrival at site
- Handling
- Installation
- Commissioning
- Maintenance
- Dos for power transformer
- Don'ts for power transformers
- Dos and don'ts for hv condenser bushings
- 18. Transformer protection
- Protection against external faults
- Protection against internal faults
- References
- 19. Reactors
- Series reactors
- Shunt reactor
- Neutral earthing reactor
- Tuning for filter reactors
- Arc suppression reactors
- Earthing transformers (neutral couplers)
- Standards on reactors
- 20. Traction transformers
- Types of traction transformers
- Special considerations
- Design and constructional features
- Traction transformer for thyristor controlled locomotives
- References
- 21. Rectifier transformers
- Comparison between rectifier transformer and power transformer
- Rectifier circuits
- Design features of rectifier transformers
- Transductors
- Constructional features of rectifier transformers Tank design
- Testing
- References.
- 22. Convertor transformers for hvdc systems
- Insulation design
- Higher harmonic currents
- Dc magnetization
- Dc bushings
- On load tapchanger
- Influence of impedance variation
- Connections
- Specifications
- Manufacturing features
- Tests
- References
- 23. Controlled shunt reactor
- Controlled shunt reactor (csr) principle
- Controlled shunt reactor transformer (csrt)
- Special features of the controlled shunt reactor transformer
- Controlled shunt reactor much more than a shunt reactor
- Conclusion
- References
- 24. Designing and manufacturing?a short-circuit proof transformer
- Forces during short-circuit
- Various considerations to design a transformer suitable for short-circuit duty
- Manufacturing aspects
- Quality aspects
- Conclusion
- 25. High voltage condenser bushings
- Introduction
- Classification of bushings
- Design of bushing
- Constructional details and main parts of bushing
- Testing of bushing
- Factors affecting the performance of bushing
- Condition monitoring at site
- Dos and do nots for hv condenser bushings
- 26. Computerisation?a tool to enhance engineering productivity
- 27. Condition monitoring, residual life assessment and refurbishment of transformers
- Analysis method
- Physical inspection
- Residual life assessment (rla)
- Different techniques for life estimation
- Methodology adopted
- Conventional and special tests on oil samples
- Refurbishment
- Conclusion
- Annexure i format for data collection history of transformer
- 28. Transformers: an overview
- A. Solved examples.