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Desalination Engineering : Planning and Design /

This book provides detailed background information on the planning and engineering of brackish and seawater desalination projects for municipal water supply. While it includes a brief overview of key widely used desalination technologies, it focuses on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, which at pre...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Autor principal:	Voutchkov, Nikolay (Autor)
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	New York, N.Y. : McGraw Hill LLC, [2013]
Edición:	First edition.
Colección:	McGraw-Hill's AccessEngineeringLibrary.
Temas:	Saline water conversion. Saline water conversion plants. Salt water > Desalination. Electronic books.
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
1 Desalination Engineering: An Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Terminology
1.3 Overview of Desalination Technologies
1.4 Thermal Desalination
1.4.1 Overview
1.4.2 Multistage Flash Distillation
1.4.3 Multiple-Effect Distillation
1.4.4 Vapor Compression
1.5 Membrane Desalination
1.6 References
2 Source Water Quality Characterization
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Watershed Sanitary Survey
2.3 Assessment of the Pathogen Content of Source Water
2.4 Overview of Source Water Constituents
2.5 Minerals
2.6 Dissolved Gases
2.7 Particulate Membrane Foulants
2.8 Colloidal Membrane Foulants
2.9 Mineral Membrane-Scaling Foulants
2.10 Natural Organic Foulants
2.11 Microbial Foulants
2.12 Combined Impacts of Various Types of Foulants
2.13 Membrane Fouling Diagnostics
2.14 Water Quality Analysis for RO Desalination
2.15 References
3 Fundamentals of Reverse Osmosis Desalination
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Reverse Osmosis Membrane Structures, and Materials
3.3 Spiral-Wound, Hollow-Fiber, and Flat-Sheet RO Membrane Elements
3.4 Reverse Osmosis System?General Description
3.5 Models for Water and Salt Transport through Membranes
3.6 Membrane Performance Factors and Considerations
3.7 Key Membrane Desalination Plant Components
3.8 References
4 Planning Considerations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Plant Service Area, Capacity, and Site
4.3 Intake Type and Location
4.4 Source Water Quality
4.5 Product Water Quality
4.6 Plant Discharge
4.7 Conceptual Plant Design
4.8 Project Implementation Schedule and Phasing
4.9 Project Economics
4.11 Project Funding
4.12 References
5 Environmental Review and Permitting
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Intakes?Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
5.3 Discharge?Environmental Challenges and Solutions
5.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Plant Operations
5.5 Traffic, Noise, and Other Auxiliary Impacts
5.6 Framework of Environmental Impact Assessment.
5.7 Overview of the Desalination Project Permitting Process
5.8 Permits Related to Source Water Intake
5.9 Permits Related to Plant Discharge
5.10 Permits Related to Product Water Related
5.11 Other Permits
5.12 References
6. Intakes for Source Water Collection
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Open Intakes
6.3 Subsurface Intakes
6.4 References
7 Intake Pump Stations
7.1 Introduction 5
7.2 Types and Configurations
7.3 Planning and Design Considerations
7.4 Chemical Feed Systems1
7.5 Intake Pump Station Construction Costs
7.6 References
8 Source Water Screening
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Bar, Band, and Drum Screens
8.3 Microscreens
8.4 Cartridge Filters
8.5 References
9 Source Water Conditioning
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Coagulation
9.3 Flocculation
9.4 Scale Inhibitors
9.5 Biocides
9.6 Dechlorination
9.7 Planning and Design Considerations for Source Water Conditioning
9.8 References
10 Sand Removal, Sedimentation, and Dissolved Air Flotation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Sand Removal Systems
10.3 Sedimentation Tanks
10.4 Dissolved Air Flotation Clarifiers
10.5 Lamella Settler and DAF Clarifier Costs
10.6 References
11 Pretreatment by Granular Media Filtration
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Filter Operation Cycle
11.3 Key Filtration System Components
11.4 Filter Types and Configurations
11.5 Filter Performance
11.6 Source Water Pretreatment Prior to Granular Media Filtration
11.7 Planning and Design Considerations
11.8 Pretreatment System Costs
11.9 References
12 Pretreatment by Membrane Filtration
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Filtration Process
12.3 Key Filtration System Components
12.4 Filter Types and Configurations
12.5 Filter Performance
12.6 Planning and Design Considerations
12.7 Overview of Membrane Products Used for Saline Water Pretreatment
12.8 Design Examples
12.9 Pretreatment System Costs
12.10 References
13 Comparison of Granular Media and Membrane Pretreatment
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effect of Source Water Quality on Performance
13.3 Surface Area Requirements
13.4 Quantity and Quality of Generated Residuals
13.5 Chemical Use
13.6 Power Use
13.7 Economy of Scale
13.8 Filtration Media Replacement Costs
13.9 Commoditization
13.10 Water Production Costs
13.11 Guidelines for Selecting a Pretreatment System
13.12 References
14 Reverse Osmosis Separation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Filtered Water Transfer Pumps
14.3 High-Pressure Feed Pumps
14.4 Spiral-Wound Polyamide Membrane Element
14.5 Pressure Vessels
14.6 RO System Piping
14.7 RO Skids and Trains
14.8 Energy Recovery Systems
14.9 Membrane Flushing and Cleaning Systems
14.10 Instrumentation and Controls
14.11 RO System Types and Configurations
14.12 Planning and Design Considerations
14.13 RO System Desalination Costs
14.14 Desalination Systems with Large-Diameter RO Membranes
14.15 References
15 Post-Treatment of Desalinated Water
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Remineralization Systems
15.3 Design Considerations for Lime Feed Systems
15.4 Design Considerations for Carbon Dioxide Feed Systems
15.5 Design Considerations for Limestone (Calcite) Contactors
15.6 Impact of Remineralization on Product Water Quality
15.7 Design Examples
15.8 Remineralization Costs
15.9 Disinfection Systems
15.10 References
16 Desalination Plant Discharge Management
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Desalination Plant Discharge Characterization
16.3 Surface Water Discharge of Concentrate
16.4 Discharge to Sanitary Sewer
16.5 Deep Well Injection
16.6 Land Application
16.7 Evaporation Ponds
16.7.1 Description
16.8 Zero Liquid Discharge Concentrate Disposal Systems
16.9 Beneficial Use of Concentrate
16.11 Nonconcentrate Side Stream Management
16.12 Comparison of Concentrate Management Alternatives
16.13 References
17 Desalination Project Cost Estimates
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Overview of Water Production Costs
17.3 Capital Cost Estimates
17.4 Operation and Maintenance Cost Estimates
17.5 Water Production Cost Estimate
17.5.2 Variable Cost Components
17.6 Example Cost Estimate
17.7 References
Glossary
Index.

Desalination Engineering : Planning and Design /

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