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Environmental Biotechnology : Principles and Applications, Second Edition /

This thoroughly revised educational resource presents the biological principles that underlie modern microbiological treatment technologies. Written by two of the field's foremost researchers, Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, Second Edition clearly explains the new tech...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Autores principales:	Rittmann, Bruce E. (Autor), McCarty, Perry L. (Autor)
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	New York, N.Y. : McGraw-Hill Education, [2020].
Edición:	Second edition.
Temas:	Environmental Microbiology. Biodegradation, Environmental. Bioreactors. Biotechnology > methods. Environmental Health > methods. Electronic books.
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Preface
1 Moving Toward Sustainability
1.1 Water Uses and Resources
1.2 Wastewater ?s Resources
1.3 Climate Change
1.4 Sustainability
1.5 The Role of Environmental Biotechnology
1.6 Organization of the Book
1.7 References
2 Basics of Microbiology
2.1 The Microbial Cell
2.2 Microbial Classification
2.3 Prokaryotes
2.3.1 Bacterial and Archaeal Cell Structure and Function.
2.3.2 Phylogenic Lineages of Bacteria
2.3.3 Phylogenic Lineages of Archaea
2.4 Eukarya
2.4.1 Fungi.
2.4.2 Algae.
2.4.3 Protozoa
2.4.4 Other Multicellular Microorganisms
2.5 Viruses
2.6 Infectious Disease
2.7 References
3 Biochemistry, Metabolism, Genetics, and Information Flow
3.1 Biochemistry
3.1.1 Enzymes
3.1.2 Enzyme Reactivity
3.1.3 Regulating Enzyme Activity.
3.2 Energy Capture
3.2.1 Electron and Energy Carriers
3.2.2 Energy and Electron Investments.
3.3 Metabolism
3.3.1 Catabolism
3.3.2 Anabolism
3.3.3 Metabolism and Trophic Groups.
3.4 Genetics and Information Flow
3.4.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
3.4.2 The Chromosome.
3.4.3 Plasmids.
3.4.4 DNA Replication
3.4.5 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
3.4.6 Transcription.
3.4.7 Messenger RNA (mRNA)
3.4.8 Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3.4.9 Translation and the Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
3.4.10 Translation
3.4.11 Regulation
3.4.12 Phylogeny
3.4.13 The Basics of Phylogenetic Classification
3.5 References
3.6 Bibliography
3.7 Problems
4 Microbial Ecology
4.1 Selection
4.2 Exchange of Materials
4.2.1 Exchange of Substrates
4.2.2 Exchange of Genetic Information
4.2.3 Growth Factors
4.2.4 Exchange of Chemical Signals
4.3 Adaptation
4.4 Tools to Study Microbial Ecology
4.4.1 Traditional Enrichment Tools
4.4.2 Molecular Targets
4.4.3 Genomics Methods Based on the Ribosomal RNA
4.4.4 Genomics Methods Based on the Ribosomal DNA
4.4.5 Diversity Analysis of Genomics Results
4.4.6 Functional Genomics Analysis
4.4.7 Transcriptomics
4.4.8 Proteomics
4.4.9 Functional Prediction
4.5 References
4.6 Bibliography
4.7 Problems
5 Stoichiometry and Energetics
5.1 An Example Stoichiometric Equation
5.2 An Empirical Formula for Microbial Cells
5.3 Formulations for Cells Containing Storage Products
5.4 Substrate Partitioning and Cellular Yield
5.5 Overall Reactions for Biological Growth
5.6 Fermentation Reactions
5.6.1 Simple Fermentation
5.6.2 Mixed Fermentation
5.7 Energetics of Bacterial Growth
5.7.1 Free Energy of the Energy Reaction
5.7.2 Microbial Yield Coefficient and Reaction Energetics
5.7.3 Oxidized Nitrogen Sources
5.8 References
5.9 Problems
6 Microbial Kinetics
6.1 Basic Rate Expressions
6.2 Estimating Parameter Values
6.3 Basic Mass Balances
6.4 Mass Balances on Inert Biomass and Volatile Suspended Solids
6.5 Microbial Products
6.6 Input of Active Biomass
6.7 Nutrients and Electron Acceptors
6.8 CSTR Summary Equations
6.9 Hydrolysis of Particulate and Polymeric Substrates
6.10 Inhibition
6.11 Additional Rate Expressions
6.12 References
6.13 Problems
7 Biofilm Kinetics
7.1 Microbial Aggregation
7.2 Why Do Biofilms Form?
7.3 The Idealized Biofilm
7.3.1 Substrate Phenomena
7.3.2 Illustration for First-Order Kinetics
7.3.3 General Solution When Sw Is Known
7.3.4 The Biofilm Mass Balance
7.4 The Steady-State Biofilm
7.5 The Steady-State-Biofilm Solution
7.6 Estimating Parameter Values
7.7 Average Biofilm SRT
7.8 Completely Mixed Biofilm Reactor
7.9 Inert Biomass, Nutrients, and Electron Acceptor
7.10 Trends in CMBR Performance
7.11 Normalized Surface Loading
7.12 Nonsteady-State Biofilms
7.13 Special-Case Biofilm Solutions
7.13.1 Deep Biofilms
7.13.2 Zero-Order Kinetics
7.14 Numerical Modeling of Biofilms
7.15 References
7.16 Problems.
8 Microbial Products
8.1 Extracellular Polymeric Substances
8.2 Soluble Microbial Products
8.3 Steady-State Model Including EPS and SMP
8.4 Relating EPS and SMP to Aggregate Parameters
8.5 Nutrient-Uptake and Acceptor-Utilization Rates
8.6 Parameter Values
8.7 Modeling EPS, SMP, and Xin for a Biofilm Process
8.8 Intracellular Storage Products (ISP
8.9 References
8.10 Problems
9 Reactor Characteristics and Kinetics
9.1 Reactor Types
9.1.1 Suspended-Growth Reactors
9.1.2 Biofilm Reactors
9.1.3 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs)
9.1.4 Biofilm Reactors with Active Substrata
9.1.5 Reactor Arrangements
9.2 Important Factors in the Engineering Design of Reactors
9.2.1 Selecting an Appropriate SF for Design
9.2.2 Effect of SF on System Efficiency for Simple Substrates
9.2.3 Design When Biosolids Settling or Other Factors Are Critical
9.3 Mass Balances
9.3.1 Batch Reactor
9.3.2 Continuous-Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor with Effluent Recycle.
9.3.3 Plug-Flow Reactor
9.3.4 Plug-Flow Reactor with Effluent Recycle
9.3.5 Plug-Flow Reactor with Settling and Cell Recycle
9.4 Alternative Rate Models
9.5 Linking Stoichiometric and Mass Balance Equations
9.6 Reactors in Series
9.7 References
9.8 Bibliography
9.9 Problems
10 Methanogenesis
10.1 Uses of Methanogenic Treatment
10.2 Treating Dilute Wastewaters
10.2.1 The UASB and AFMB
10.2.2 Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors
10.3 Reactor Configurations
10.4 Process Chemistry and Microbiology
10.4.1 Process Microbiology
10.4.2 Process Chemistry
10.5 Process Kinetics
10.5.1 Temperature Effects
10.5.2 Reaction Kinetics for a CSTR
10.5.3 Complex Substrates
10.5.4 Process Optimization
10.5.5 Reaction Kinetics for Biofilm Processes
10.5.6 Kinetics with Hydrolysis as Limiting Factor
10.6 Special Factors in the Design of Anaerobic Biosolids Digesters
10.6.1 Loading Criteria
10.6.2 Mixing
10.6.3 Heating
10.6.4 Gas Collection
10.6.5 Performance
10.7 Example Designs for Anaerobic Treatment of Dilute Wastewater
10.8 References
10.9 Problems
11 Aerobic Suspended-Growth Processes
11.1 Characteristics of Classical Activated Sludge
11.1.1 The Basic Activated Sludge Configuration
11.1.2 Microbial Ecology
11.1.3 Oxygen and Nutrient Requirements
11.1.4 Impacts of SRT
11.2 Process Configurations
11.2.1 Physical Configurations
11.2.2 Oxygen-Supply Modifications
11.2.3 Loading Modifications
11.3 Design and Operating Criteria
11.3.1 Historical Background
11.3.2 Food-to-Microorganism Ratio
11.3.3 Solids Retention Time
11.3.4 Comparison of Loading Factors
11.3.5 Mixed-Liquor Suspended Solids, the SVI, and the Recycle Ratio
11.4 Aeration Systems
11.4.1 Oxygen-Transfer and Mixing Rates
11.4.2 Diffused Aeration Systems
11.4.3 Mechanical Aeration Systems
11.5 Bulking and Other Sludge-Settling Problems
11.5.1 Bulking Sludge
11.5.2 Foaming and Scum Control
11.5.3 Rising Sludge
11.5.4 Dispersed Growth and Pinpoint Floc
11.5.5 Viscous Bulking
11.5.6 Addition of Polymers
11.6 Activated Sludge Design and Analysis
11.7 Analysis and Design of Settlers
11.7.1 Activated Sludge Properties
11.7.2 Settler Components
11.7.3 Loading Criteria
11.7.4 Basics of Flux Theory
11.7.5 State-Point Analysis
11.7.6 Connecting the Settler and Aeration Tank
11.7.7 Limitations of State-Point Analysis
11.8 Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs
11.9 Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge
11.10 References
11.11 Bibliography
11.12 Problems
12 Aerobic Biofilm Processes
12.1 Biofilm Process Considerations
12.2 Trickling Filters and Biological Towers
12.3 Rotating Biological Contactors
12.4 Granular-Media Filters
12.5 Fluidized-Bed and Circulating-Bed Biofilm Reactors
12.6 Hybrid Biofilm/Suspended-Growth Processes
12.7 Aerobic Granular-Sludge Processes
12.8 References
12.9 Problems.
13 Nitrogen Transformation and Recovery
13.1 Nitrogen Forms, Effects, and Transformations
13.2 Nitrogen?s Transformation Reactions
13.3 Nitrification
13.3.1 Biochemistry, Physiology, and Kinetics of Nitrifying Bacteria
13.3.2 Common Process Considerations
13.3.3 Activated Sludge Nitrification: Single-Stage versus Separate-Stage
13.3.4 Biofilm Nitrification
13.3.5 Hybrid Processes
13.3.6 The Role of the Input BODL/TKN Ratio
13.4 Denitrification
13.4.1 Physiology of Denitrifying Bacteria
13.4.2 Denitrification Systems
13.4.3 Comparing the Nitrogen-Removal Systems
13.5 Range of Nitrification and Denitrification Systems
13.5.1 Biofilm Reactors
13.5.2 The Barnard Process for Nitrogen Removal
13.5.3 Sequencing Batch Reactor
13.5.4 Side-Stream Anammox Treatment
13.6 Nitrous Oxide Formation
13.7 References
13.8 Problems
14 Phosphorus Removal and Recovery
14.1 Normal Phosphorus Uptake into Biomass
14.2 Precipitation by Metal-Salts Addition to a Biological Process
14.3 Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
14.4 Phosphorus Recovery
14.4.1 Lack of P Removal Opens Up P Recovery
14.4.2 Wastewater as a Direct Source of Fertilizer P
14.4.3 Biomass as a Source of Slow-Release P
14.4.4 Selective Adsorption
14.4.5 Struvite Precipitation
14.5 References
14.6 Problems
15 Biological Treatment of Drinking Water
15.1 Why Biological Treatment of Drinking Water?
15.2 Aerobic Biofilm Processes to Eliminate Biological Instability
15.2.1 General Characteristics of Aerobic Biofilm Processes
15.2.2 Biodegradable Organic Matter (BOM)
15.2.3 Inorganic Instability
15.2.4 Hybrid Biofiltration
15.2.5 Biofilm Pretreatment
15.2.6 Slow Biofiltration
15.2.7 Release of Microorganisms
15.2.8 Biodegradation of Specific Organic Compounds
15.3 Anaerobic Biofilm Processes to Reduce Oxidized Contaminants
15.3.1 Oxidized Contaminants
15.3.2 General Characteristics of Biofilm Processes to Reduce Oxidized Contaminants
15.3.3 Autotrophic Processes
15.3.4 Heterotrophic Processes
15.4 References
15.5 Problems
A Free Energies of Formation for Various Chemical Species, 25?C
Index.

Environmental Biotechnology : Principles and Applications, Second Edition /

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