Radar for Fully Autonomous Driving.

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This is the first book to bring together the increasingly complex radar automotive technologies and tools being explored and utilized in the development of fully autonomous vehicles- technologies and tools now understood to be essential for the field to fully mature. You'll get a big-picture to...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Markel, Matt (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Norwood : Artech House, 2022.
Temas:
Automated vehicles.
Radar.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Radar for Fully Autonomous Driving
  • Contents
  • Part I: Radar Technologies for Autonomous Vehicles
  • Chapter 1 Modern Radar Sensors in Advanced Automotive Architectures
  • 1.1 Inspiration for More Advanced Systems
  • 1.1.1 Traffic Density and Fatal Accident Rate
  • 1.1.2 Human Factor
  • 1.1.3 Autonomous Driving Levels
  • 1.2 The Evolving Automotive Radar Landscape
  • 1.3 Fast Chirp Sequence Radar Sensing
  • 1.4 RFCMOS Car Radar Transceiver
  • 1.5 Elements of a Radar Module
  • 1.6 Angular Resolution Increase: MIMO Example and Cascaded Application
  • 1.7 Vehicle Network and Compute Considerations
  • 1.7.1 Vehicle Network Architecture Evolution
  • 1.7.2 Distributed Versus Centralized Processing
  • 1.7.3 Conclusion
  • 1.8 Summary
  • 1.9 Acknowledgments
  • References
  • Chapter 2 Design Considerations for Automotive Radar
  • 2.1 Radar Requirements
  • 2.2 The Spectrum for Automotive Radar
  • 2.3 Range (Distance) Required for Automotive Radar
  • 2.4 Automotive Radar Installation
  • 2.5 Automotive Radar Considerations for Scanning the FOV
  • 2.6 Frequency Modulation Waveforms and the Radar Data Cube
  • 2.7 Outputs from Automotive Radar
  • References
  • Chapter 3 Digital Code Modulation
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 FCM Versus DCM Architecture
  • 3.3 Basics of DCM Radar
  • 3.3.1 Range Processing
  • 3.3.2 Velocity Processing
  • 3.3.3 Angle Processing
  • 3.4 DCM Radar Attributes
  • 3.4.1 High Contrast Distance: Matched Filter
  • 3.4.2 High Contrast Resolution
  • 3.4.3 CDM MIMO (Higher Power on Target)
  • 3.4.4 Interference Robustness and Interference Mitigation
  • 3.4.5 Cascading: Coherent and Quasi-coherent Sensors and Networks
  • 3.4.6 Code Design
  • 3.5 DCM Radar Implementation
  • References
  • Chapter 4 Automotive MIMO Radar
  • 4.1 Virtual Array Synthesis via MIMO Radar
  • 4.2 Waveform Orthogonality Strategies in Automotive MIMO Radar.
  • 4.2.1 Waveform Orthogonality via TDM
  • 4.2.2 Waveform Orthogonality via DDM
  • 4.2.3 Waveform Orthogonality via FDM
  • 4.3 Angle Finding in Automotive MIMO Radar
  • 4.3.1 High Resolution Angle Finding with ULA
  • 4.3.2 High Resolution Angle Finding with SLA
  • 4.4 High Resolution Imaging Radar for Autonomous Driving
  • 4.4.1 Cascade of Multiple Radar Transceivers
  • 4.4.2 Examples of Cascaded Imaging Radars
  • 4.4.3 Design Challenges of Imaging Radar
  • 4.5 Challenges in Automotive MIMO Radar
  • 4.5.1 Angle Finding in the Presence of Multipath Reflections
  • 4.5.2 Waveform Orthogonality in Automotive MIMO Radar
  • 4.5.3 Efficient, High Resolution Angle Finding Algorithms Are Needed
  • References
  • Chapter 5 Synthetic Aperture Radar for Automotive Applications
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Historical Background
  • 5.1.2 Comparison to Traditional Radar Systems
  • 5.1.3 SAR and Point Cloud Imaging Performance
  • 5.1.4 Applications for Automotive Use
  • 5.2 Mathematical Foundation
  • 5.2.1 Key Assumptions
  • 5.2.2 Signal Model
  • 5.2.3 Slow Time
  • 5.3 Building an Automotive SAR
  • 5.3.1 Measuring Ego-Motion
  • 5.3.2 SAR Image Formation
  • 5.3.3 Coexistence with Point Cloud Pipeline
  • 5.3.4 Elevation Information
  • 5.4 Future Directions
  • 5.4.1 Forward-Facing SAR
  • 5.4.2 SAR for Moving Objects
  • 5.4.3 Gapped SAR
  • 5.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 6 Radar Transceiver Technologies
  • 6.1 Background and Introduction to Automotive Radar
  • 6.2 Block Diagram Overview of an FMCW Radar Transceiver
  • 6.3 Challenges with Deeply Scaled CMOS
  • 6.4 Active Devices in CMOS
  • 6.5 Passives in CMOS
  • 6.6 Circuit Architectures Suitable for Advanced CMOS
  • 6.6.1 The Transmit Power Amplifier
  • 6.6.2 The TX Phase Shifter
  • 6.7 The LO/FMCW Chirp Generator
  • 6.8 The Receiver Signal Chain
  • 6.8.1 RX Frontend
  • 6.8.2 Radar RX Baseband
  • 6.9 Summary.
  • 10.4.6 Beware the Many Pitfalls of Safety Analysis
  • 10.4.7 Applying Safety to Emerging or Complex Technologies
  • 10.5 Safety Concepts for Level 4 ADS and Implications for Radar
  • 10.5.1 Safety Considerations on Multiple Sensor Modalities
  • 10.5.2 Safety Considerations on Radar Data
  • 10.5.3 Radar FuSa and SOTIF Roots Causes and Mitigations
  • 10.5.4 Safety Considerations Due to Available Radar Technology
  • 10.6 Safety Considerations for Verification and Validation
  • 10.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 11 Testing Automotive Radars
  • 11.1 Introduction: Why Is Testing Necessary?
  • 11.1.1 Verification and Validation of System Performance
  • 11.1.2 Conformance to Legal Regulations and Industrial Standards
  • 11.1.3 Safety Performance Assessment
  • 11.2 Measurable Parameters: From Sensor Level to Vehicle Integration
  • 11.2.1 Transmitter Tests
  • 11.2.2 Receiver Test
  • 11.2.3 Antenna and Radome Test
  • 11.2.4 Performance and Functional Tests
  • 11.2.5 Integration Testing
  • 11.3 Test Equipment
  • 11.3.1 General Test Equipment
  • 11.3.2 Radar Echo Generators
  • 11.3.3 Measurement Antennas
  • 11.3.4 Anochic Chambers
  • 11.3.5 Positioners
  • 11.4 Example Test Setups
  • 11.4.1 Transmitter Test Setup
  • 11.4.2 Setup for Sensor Calibration and Performance Tests
  • 11.4.3 Setups for EMC and OOB Testing
  • 11.4.4 Simulating Interference from Other Automotive Radar Transmitters
  • 11.4.5 Exemplary Test Scenario
  • 11.4.6 ADAS Integration Test Bed
  • 11.4.7 ViL Test
  • References
  • List of Acronyms
  • About the Editor
  • About the Authors.

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