Sustainable energy systems on ships novel technologies for low carbon shipping /

"Sustainable Energy Systems on Ships is a comprehensive technical reference for all aspects of energy efficient shipping. The book discusses the technology options to make shipping energy consumption greener, focusing on the smarter integration of energy streams, the introduction of renewable r...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2022.
Temas:
Ships > Electric equipment.
Renewable energy sources.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Part 1 Setting the scene: 1. The shipping industry and the climate / Karin Andersson
  • 2. Energy systems on board ships / Diego Micheli Stefano Clemente Rodolfo Taccani
  • Part 2 Novel technologies for energy conversion and integration: 3. Fuel cells systems for sustainable ships / Lindert van Biert Klaas Visser
  • 4. Waste heat recovery on ships / Santiago Suárez de la Fuente Tao Cao Antoni Gil Pujol Alsssandro Romagnoli
  • 5. Energy storage on ships / Andrea Coraddu Antoni Gil Bakytzhan Akhmetov Lizhong Yang Alessandro Romagnoli Antti Ritari Janne Huotari Kari Tammi
  • 6. Overall system integration: synergies and interactions / Francesco Baldi Mia Elg
  • 7. Data science and advanced analytics for shipping energy systems / Andrea Coraddu Miltiadis Kalikatzarakis Jake Walker Davide Ilardi Luca Oneto
  • Part 3 Low carbon energy sources for ships: 8. Wind propulsion / Fabian Thies Konstantinos Fakiolas
  • 9. Sustainable fuels for shipping / Selma Brynolf Maria Grahn Julia Hansson Andrei David Korberg Elin Malmgren
  • Part 4 From theory to practice: 10. Financing of low-carbon technology projects / Orestis Schinas
  • 11. Realistic assessment of saving potential for energy saving options / Volker Bertram
  • 12. Energy efficiency in ship design projects with case studies / Mia Elg
  • A. Optimization theory / Francesco Baldi
  • B. Towards halving shipping GHG emissions by 2050: the IMO introduces the CII and the EEXI / Francesco Baldi Andrea Coraddu.
  • Front Cover
  • Sustainable Energy Systems on Ships
  • Copyright
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • List of contributors
  • About the Editors
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Part 1 Setting the scene
  • 1 The shipping industry and the climate
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Climate change. Influence from human activities
  • 1.3 The contribution of shipping to climate change
  • 1.4 Other major environmental impacts from shipping
  • 1.5 Present state of environmental regulations
  • 1.5.1 Who regulates?
  • 1.5.2 Present and coming regulations for low-carbon shipping
  • 1.5.3 Other environmental regulations of importance
  • 1.6 The potential for low carbon shipping
  • how do we get there?
  • 1.6.1 Visions
  • 1.6.2 Strategies
  • 1.6.3 Incentives and barriers
  • 1.7 The future of ``zero carbon shipping''
  • References
  • 2 Energy systems on board ships
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The energy system on a ship
  • 2.2.1 Propulsion demands
  • The propeller load curve
  • Coupling of the propeller
  • The prime movers
  • Marine steam and gas turbines
  • Marine reciprocating internal combustion Engines
  • 2.2.2 Heat demands on board
  • Technical heat demands
  • Heavy fuel oil tanks heating
  • Heavy fuel oil and lube oil purifiers
  • Heavy fuel oil preparation for engines feeding
  • Miscellaneous tanks heating
  • Engines pre-heating
  • Exhaust gases deplume units
  • Fresh water production
  • Dryers for food and sanitary waste incineration
  • Hotel heat demands
  • Potable water heating
  • Air conditioning
  • Food preparation
  • Swimming pools
  • Laundry services
  • 2.2.3 Cooling demands on board
  • Technical cooling demands
  • Sea water system
  • Fresh water cooling system
  • Other technical cooling demands
  • Hotel cooling demands
  • Air conditioning
  • Provision plant
  • 2.2.4 Factors influencing energy consumption on board.
  • 2.2.5 Greenhouse gas emissions and IMO requirements
  • 2.3 Potential for energy use improvement
  • 2.3.1 Further integration inside the energy systems
  • 2.3.2 Waste heat properties and availability
  • 2.3.3 Alternative fuels and integration of renewable energy sources
  • 2.3.4 Operational improvements
  • References
  • Part 2 Novel technologies for energy conversion and integration
  • 3 Fuel cells systems for sustainable ships
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Fuel cell principles
  • 3.2.1 Working principle
  • 3.2.2 Fuel cell types
  • 3.2.3 Fuel cell systems
  • 3.3 Fuel cell characteristics
  • 3.3.1 LT-PEMFC
  • 3.3.2 HT-PEMFCs
  • 3.3.3 SOFC
  • 3.3.4 Overview
  • 3.4 Fuel processing &amp
  • treatment
  • 3.4.1 Conversion
  • 3.4.1.1 Reforming
  • 3.4.1.2 Partial oxidation
  • 3.4.1.3 Autothermal reforming
  • 3.4.1.4 Ammonia decomposition
  • 3.4.2 CO removal
  • 3.4.2.1 Water gas shift
  • 3.4.2.2 Preferential oxidation
  • 3.4.2.3 Selective methanation
  • 3.4.3 Purification
  • 3.4.3.1 Pressure swing adsorption
  • 3.4.3.2 Temperature swing adsorption
  • 3.4.3.3 Membrane separation
  • 3.4.3.4 Electrochemical membrane separation
  • 3.4.4 Overview
  • 3.5 Fuel cell operation
  • 3.5.1 Electrical efficiency
  • 3.5.2 Part load performance
  • 3.5.3 Load transients and start-up
  • 3.5.4 Heat recovery &amp
  • combined cycles
  • 3.6 Maritime application
  • 3.6.1 Design and operation
  • 3.6.2 Compliance with emission regulations
  • 3.6.3 Reliability, availability, maintenance and safety
  • 3.6.4 Economics
  • 3.7 Experience and future outlook
  • 3.7.1 Experience with fuel cell application in ships
  • 3.7.2 Future outlook
  • References
  • 4 Waste heat recovery on ships
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Overview of waste heat on-board
  • 4.2.1 Shipping road to higher efficiency and its decarbonization ambition
  • 4.2.2 Waste Heat Recovery Systems and their area of opportunity.
  • 4.2.3 A little bit of history on maritime waste heat
  • 4.3 Technologies for heating demands
  • 4.3.1 Review of technologies for heating demands
  • 4.3.1.1 Economizer
  • 4.3.1.2 Waste heat boiler
  • 4.3.1.3 Recuperator
  • 4.3.1.4 Regenerator
  • 4.3.1.5 Heat recovery steam generator
  • 4.4 Technologies for water desalination
  • 4.4.1 Review of water desalinization
  • 4.4.1.1 Multi-stage flash desalination technology
  • 4.4.1.2 Multiple effect desalination technology
  • 4.5 Technologies for power generation
  • 4.5.1 Review technologies to power generation
  • 4.5.1.1 Steam Rankine cycle
  • 4.5.1.2 Organic Rankine cycle
  • 4.5.1.3 Kalina cycle
  • 4.5.1.4 Thermoelectrical generator
  • 4.5.1.5 Turbomachinery
  • 4.5.1.5.1 Hybrid turbochargers
  • 4.5.1.5.2 Variable geometry turbochargers
  • 4.5.1.6 Turbo compound systems
  • 4.5.1.7 Stirling cycle
  • 4.5.1.8 Other
  • 4.6 Integration options for cooling demands
  • 4.6.1 Review technologies to cover cooling demands
  • 4.6.1.1 Overview and general landscape
  • 4.6.1.2 Absorption
  • 4.6.1.3 Adsorption
  • 4.6.1.4 Open sorption technology
  • 4.6.1.5 Ejector cycle
  • 4.6.1.6 Vapor compression cycle
  • 4.6.1.7 Cascaded cooling integration
  • 4.7 WHRS costs, level of development and retrofitability
  • 4.8 General future directions for waste heat recovery systems
  • 4.8.1 Drivers
  • 4.8.2 Barriers
  • 4.8.3 Future directions for waste heat recovery systems
  • 4.8.3.1 Low/zero-carbon fuels, their machinery and air pollution measures
  • 4.8.3.2 The domestic small-boat fleet
  • 4.8.3.3 Low-temperature waste heat
  • 4.8.3.4 Costs and business models
  • 4.8.3.5 Support and evidence for policy makers
  • 4.8.3.6 Develop alliances with key stakeholders
  • References
  • 5 Energy storage on ships
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Electrical energy storage
  • 5.2.1 Battery characteristics
  • Lithium based chemistries.
  • Battery requirements in marine applications
  • Hazard management
  • Cost development
  • Comparison of volumetric energy density of fuels
  • Onshore power supply infrastructure
  • 5.2.2 Battery modeling
  • 5.2.3 System configurations
  • Mechanical propulsion with shaft generator/motor and hybrid power supply
  • Electrical propulsion with hybrid power supply
  • Battery-electric propulsion with DC distribution
  • 5.2.4 Design and control considerations
  • Rule-based control
  • Optimization approaches
  • Predicting power demand
  • Model predictive control
  • 5.2.5 Examples of battery use cases in marine applications
  • Shifting diesel engine operating points closer to peak efficiency
  • Supplying electricity at port stay when shore connection is unavailable
  • Zero local emission port arrival and departure
  • Supplying thruster induced power demand peaks that would otherwise require starting up an additional engine
  • Improved dynamic performance for ice load management
  • Energy recuperation in ships with heavy cranes
  • 5.3 Thermal energy storage
  • 5.3.1 Types of thermal energy storage systems
  • Sensible heat storage materials
  • Latent heat storage materials
  • Thermo-chemical storage
  • 5.3.2 Implementation of thermal energy storage on ships
  • Study of application of a TES system in merchant ships
  • Theoretical study of hot water supply in a cruise ship by using a TES system
  • Theoretical evaluation of a CTES system integration in an all-electric ship
  • Potential use of TES for cold energy storage on ships
  • 5.3.3 Considerations of TES design for marine sector and its potential benefits and drawbacks
  • References
  • 6 Overall system integration: synergies and interactions
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Systems, complexity, and complex systems
  • 6.2.1 An introduction to complexity
  • 6.2.2 The ship as a complex energy system.
  • 6.2.3 Systems engineering
  • 6.3 Systems modeling
  • 6.3.1 Introduction to mathematical modeling
  • Physical vs empirical models
  • Steady-state vs dynamic
  • Other model categories
  • 6.3.2 Modeling of individual components
  • Propellers
  • Diesel engines
  • Electric machinery
  • 6.3.3 Energy systems modeling in shipping
  • 6.3.4 Applied example: engine-propeller matching
  • 6.4 Systems analysis
  • 6.4.1 Data collection
  • Data sources: ship design documentation
  • Data sources: ship operational data
  • Considerations on data quality
  • 6.4.2 Data analysis
  • Data cleaning
  • Exploratory data analysis
  • 6.4.3 Energy analysis
  • 6.4.4 Visit onboard
  • 6.4.5 Suggestions for performance improvement
  • 6.4.6 Applied example: energy analysis of a cruise ship
  • Ship description
  • Data sources
  • System modeling and data processing
  • 6.4.6.1 Exploratory data analysis
  • Energy analysis
  • 6.5 Systems optimization
  • 6.5.1 An introduction to optimization
  • Linear optimization
  • Nonlinear optimization
  • Integer optimization
  • Multi-objective optimization
  • Uncertainty in optimization
  • 6.5.2 Optimization of ship energy systems
  • 6.5.3 Applied example: the role of solid oxide fuel cells in ship energy systems
  • Optimization problem description
  • Sensitivity analysis
  • Deterministic optimization results
  • Results of the sensitivity analysis
  • 6.5.4 Applied example: optimization in ship operations
  • References
  • 7 Data science and advanced analytics for shipping energy systems
  • 7.1 Data availability
  • 7.1.1 Datification
  • 7.1.2 Endogenous data
  • 7.1.2.1 Automation and control systems
  • 7.1.2.2 Maintenance and condition monitoring
  • 7.1.2.3 Cargo monitoring
  • 7.1.2.4 Equipment specifications
  • 7.1.2.5 Vessel environment interaction
  • 7.1.2.6 Navigational data
  • 7.1.3 Exogenous data
  • 7.1.3.1 Climate features.

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