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Plastics and the Environment /
Plastic has become a ubiquitous part of modern life. A cheap, lightweight material, it is used in everything from food packaging to consumer electronics and microbeads in cosmetic products. However, we are becoming increasingly aware of the problems our reliance on plastic is causing in the environm...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge, UK :
Royal Society of Chemistry,
[2019]
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| Colección: | Issues in environmental science and technology ;
47. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Preface; Contents; Editors; List of Contributors; The Nature of Plastics and Their Societal Usage; 1 Plastics in a Nutshell; 1.1 The History of Plastics; 1.1.1 19th Century: The First Polymers; 1.1.2 20th Century: The Revolution of Plastics Starts; 1.1.3 Beginning of the 20th Century: The Discovery of Bakelite; 1.1.4 1920s: Staudinger and Polymers; 1.1.5 1930s: PlexiglasTM and NylonTM First Appear; 1.1.6 1940s: Large Use of Plastics in World War II; 1.1.7 1950s: The Spread of Plastics for Domestic Usages; 1.1.8 1960s: Plastics in the Fashion Industry
- 1.1.9 1970s: Plastics Become the Most Used Materials Worldwide1.1.10 1980s: Plastics and the Development of Communication and Transport; 1.1.11 1990s and 2000s: Plastics' Key Role in Society; 2 How Is Plastic Made; 2.1 The Different Kinds of Plastics; 2.1.1 Thermoplastics; 2.1.1.1 Standard Plastics; 2.1.1.2 Engineering Plastics; 2.1.1.3 High Performance Plastics; 2.1.2 Thermosets; 2.1.3 Biodegradable Plastics; 3 Usage of Plastics in Our Daily Lives; 3.1 Packaging; 3.1.1 Light as a Feather; 3.1.2 Food Conservation and Preservation; 3.1.3 Provision of Convenience; 3.1.4 Safety and Hygiene
- 3.1.5 Environmental Benefits of Plastic Packaging 3.2 Building and Construction; 3.2.1 Windows: Saving Energy for Decades; 3.2.2 Plastic Pipes; 3.2.3 Insulation; 3.3 Transportation; 3.3.1 Saving Energy and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions; 3.3.2 Crucial for Passenger Safety; 3.3.3 Comfort and Cost-effective Design; 3.4 Electrical and Electronic; 3.4.1 Resource Efficiency; 3.4.2 Light Weight; 3.4.3 Resistance; 3.4.4 Fire Safety; 3.5 Agriculture; 3.6 Medical and Health; 3.6.1 Unblocking Blood Vessels; 3.6.2 Prosthesis; 3.6.3 Artificial Corneas; 3.6.4 Hearing Aids
- 3.6.5 Future of Plastics in Healthcare3.7 Sport, Leisure and Design; 3.7.1 Plastics in Ballgames; 3.7.2 Plastics in Sports Footwear; 3.7.3 Plastics in Tennis; 3.7.4 Plastics on Water; 3.7.5 Plastics and Children; 3.8 Renewable Energies; References; Plastic in Marine Litter; 1 Introduction; 2 Plastic in Marine Litter; 3 Sources of Plastic; 3.1 Sources of Macroplastics; 3.2 Sources of Microplastics; 4 Occurrence of Plastics in the Marine Environment; 4.1 Water Bodies; 4.2 Beaches, Sediments and Shorelines; 5 Fate of Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment; 6 Physical Effects on Organisms
- 6.1 Plastic Ingestion 6.2 Plastic Entanglement; 7 Chemical Effects on Organisms; 8 Recommendations; 9 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; References; Microplastics in the Environment; 1 Introduction; 2 Size Classifications of Plastic; 3 Sources of Microplastics; 4 Distribution and Abundance; 5 Impacts; 6 Solutions; 7 Conclusions; References; Nanoplastics in the Environment; 1 Introduction; 2 Defining Nanoplastics and Ascertaining Their Sources; 3 Fate of Nanoplastics; 4 Effects of Nanoplastics; 5 Challenges; 6 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; Plasticisers and Their Impact on Wildlife