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Open resonator microwave sensor systems for industrial gauging : a practical design approach /
The following topics are dealt with: open resonator microwave sensor systems; industrial gauging; transmission line resonators; planar transmission lines; coupled structures; microwave measurements; fabric-coating monitoring; network analyzer; finite-difference time-domain method; FDTD method and el...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Stevenage, United Kingdom :
Institution of Engineering & Technology,
2018.
|
| Colección: | IET control, robotics and sensors series ;
103. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- 1. Introduction to microwaves
- 1.1 General
- 1.2 The microwave domain
- 1.3 History
- 1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of microwaves for testing, measurements, and gauging
- 1.5 Energy associated with microwaves
- 1.6 Properties of fields at high frequencies
- 1.7 Microwaves and mechanics
- 1.8 Instrumentation and instruments
- 2. Transmission lines and transmission line resonators
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 The transmission line
- 2.3 Transmission line parameters
- 2.3.1 Calculation of line parameters
- 2.4 The transmission line equations
- 2.4.1 Time-domain transmission line equations
- 2.5 Types of transmission lines
- 2.5.1 The lossless transmission line
- 2.5.2 The long transmission line
- 2.5.3 The distortionless transmission line
- 2.5.4 The low-resistance transmission line
- 2.6 The field approach to transmission lines
- 2.7 Finite transmission lines
- 2.7.1 The load reflection coefficient
- 2.7.2 Line impedance and the generalized reflection coefficient
- 2.7.3 The lossless, terminated transmission line
- 2.7.4 The lossless, matched transmission line
- 2.7.5 The lossless, shorted transmission line
- 2.7.6 The lossless, open transmission line
- 2.7.7 The lossless, resistively loaded transmission line
- 2.8 Power relations on a general transmission line
- 2.9 Passive transmission line circuits
- 2.9.1 Impedance matching
- 2.9.2 Power dividers
- 2.9.3 Directional couplers
- 2.9.4 Antennas and probes
- 2.9.5 Attenuators
- 2.9.6 Other circuits
- 2.10 Transmission line resonators
- 2.10.1 The concept of resonance
- 2.10.2 The series RLC circuit
- 2.10.3 Parallel resonant circuit
- 2.11 Series and parallel transmission line resonators
- 2.11.1 Short-circuited l/2 transmission line resonator
- 2.11.2 Open-circuited l/2 transmission line resonator.
- 2.11.3 Additional properties of transmission line resonators
- 2.11.4 Tapped transmission line resonators
- 2.12 The Smith chat
- Bibliography
- 3. Planar transmission lines and coupled structures
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Planar transmission lines: the stripline
- 3.2.1 Coupled transmission lines
- 3.3 Waveguides and cavity resonators
- 3.3.1 TE propagation in parallel plate waveguides
- 3.3.2 TM propagation in parallel plate waveguides
- 3.3.3 Rectangular waveguides
- 3.3.4 TM modes in rectangular waveguides
- 3.3.5 TE modes in rectangular waveguides
- 3.3.6 Cavity resonators
- 3.3.7 TM modes in cavity resonators
- 3.3.8 TE modes in cavity resonators
- 3.3.9 Energy relations in a cavity resonator
- 3.4 Coupled stripline resonators
- 3.5 Resonant cavity perturbation
- 3.5.1 Whole cavity perturbation, lossless media
- 3.5.2 Cavity perturbation by small, lossless material samples
- 3.5.3 Cavity perturbation, lossy media
- Bibliography
- 4. Microwave measurements
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 N-Port networks
- 4.2.1 The scattering matrix and S-parameters
- 4.2.2 Generalized scattering parameters
- 4.2.3 Some properties of S-parameters
- 4.2.4 The ABCD-parameters and the transmission matrix
- 4.2.5 Relations between the various parameters
- 4.2.6 Shift of reference plane
- 4.2.7 Transformations between parameters
- 4.3 Use of the S-parameters for practical measurements
- 4.3.1 Matching of loads
- 4.3.2 Detection of resonance
- 4.3.3 Determination of losses
- 4.4 Other measurements
- 4.4.1 Frequency measurements
- 4.4.2 Wavemeters
- 4.4.3 Power measurements
- 4.5 Power sensors and detectors
- 4.5.1 Diode power sensors
- 4.5.2 Thermistors, bolometers, and thermocouples
- 4.5.3 Measurement of power density
- 4.6 Measurement of Q-factor of resonators
- 4.6.1 Q-Factors for series resonance.
- 4.6.2 Q-Factors for parallel resonance
- 4.7 Measurement of impedance
- 4.8 Measurement of permittivity and loss tangent
- 4.9 Waveguide method of measurement
- 4.10 Cavity perturbation method
- 4.11 Other methods
- Bibliography
- 5. Design of sensors for rubber thickness and fabric-coating monitoring
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Sensor design for fabric coatings
- 5.2.1 Sensor modifications and optimization
- 5.2.2 Shielding of the sensor
- 5.2.3 Simulation and optimization
- 5.2.4 Sensitivity to motion of the plates
- 5.2.5 Mechanical design
- 5.3 Sensor design for rubber thickness sensing
- 5.3.1 Simulation and optimization
- 5.4 Alternative sensing strategies
- 5.4.1 Capacitive sensors
- 5.4.2 Reflection and transmission sensors
- Further reading
- 6. Evaluation of the sensors
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Empty sensor tests
- 6.3 Laboratory tests
- 6.4 Online testing results
- 6.5 Performance evaluation
- 6.5.1 Effect of distance from antenna tips to center plate
- 6.5.2 Effect of flutter
- 6.5.3 Effect of cell offset
- 6.6 Calibration of the sensor
- 7. Implementation and testing
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 The mechanical system
- 7.3 Evaluation of the mechanical system
- 7.4 Calibration
- 7.5 Compensation for environmental conditions
- 7.5.1 Compensation method
- 8. The network analyzer
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 What is a network analyzer?
- 8.2.1 Scalar and vector network analyzers
- 8.3 The measurement process
- 8.3.1 Calibration
- 8.3.2 Measurements
- 8.4 Measurement of complex permittivity and loss tangent
- 8.4.1 Resonant methods
- 8.4.2 Transmission line methods
- 8.4.3 Measurements in space
- 8.5 Integration of network analyzers in designs
- Further reading
- Appendix A. Electromagnetic radiation safety
- A.1 Introduction
- A.2 Field measurements
- A.3 Conclusions
- Bibliography.
- Appendix B. Material properties
- B.1 Introduction
- B.2 Measurements
- B.3 Effect of humidity and temperature
- Bibliography
- Appendix C. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method
- C.1 The finite difference time domain equations
- C.2 Boundary conditions
- C.3 Near-to-far-field transformation
- C.4 Modeling material interfaces
- C.5 Inclusion of sources
- Bibliography
- Appendix D. Selected elements of electromagnetics
- D.1 Maxwell's equations
- D.1.1 Maxwell's equations: the time-harmonic form
- D.1.2 Source-free equations
- D.1.3 Interface conditions
- D.2 The electromagnetic wave equation and its solution
- D.2.1 Time-harmonic wave equations
- D.2.2 Solution of the wave equation
- D.2.3 Solution for uniform plane waves in lossless media
- D.3 Propagation of plane waves in materials
- D.3.1 Propagation of plane waves in lossy dielectrics
- D.3.2 Propagation of plane waves in low-loss dielectrics
- D.3.3 Propagation of plane waves in conductors or high-loss dielectrics
- D.4 The Poynting theorem and electromagnetic power
- D.4.1 The Poynting theorem in the time domain
- D.4.2 The complex Poynting vector
- D.5 Reflection, transmission, and refraction of plane waves
- D.5.1 Oblique incidence on a dielectric interface: perpendicular polarization
- D.5.2 Oblique incidence on a dielectric interface: parallel polarization
- D.5.3 Reflection and transmission on dielectric interfaces: normal incidence
- D.5.4 Reflection and transmission on perfect conductors
- Further reading
- Index.