Cargando…
Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook /
Focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Clayton South, Victoria, Australia :
CSIRO Publishing,
2016.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Contents; Foreward; Preface; About the editors; About the authors; Disclaimer; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction to oil spill monitoring; 1.1 Stages of a spill response; 1.2 Scale of the oil spill and the response strategy; 2 Spilled oil: overview of composition, fate, effects and response options; 2.1 Properties of oils; 2.1.1 Specific gravity (or relative density); 2.1.2 Viscosity; 2.1.3 Surface tension; 2.1.4 Adhesion or stickiness; 2.1.5 Pour point; 2.1.6 Volatility; 2.1.7 Asphaltene content; 2.2 Fate of oils in the environment; 2.2.1 Weathering; 2.2.2 Summary.
- 2.3 Bioaccumulation and toxicity of oil2.3.1 Narcotic toxicity; 2.3.2 Developmental impacts; 2.3.3 Phototoxicity; 2.3.4 Metabolism of oil; 2.3.5 Trophic transfer of oil; 2.3.6 Chronic toxicity of oil; 2.3.7 Indirect effects; 2.3.8 Summary; 2.4 Effects of oil in marine habitats; 2.4.1 Organisms in open ocean environments; 2.4.2 Organisms in nearshore environments; 2.5 Oil spill response options; 2.5.1 Recovery at the source: ship lightering; 2.5.2 At-sea response options; 2.5.3 Shoreline response options; 3 Preparing for oil spill monitoring; 3.1 Designing a monitoring program.
- 3.1.1 Setting objectives3.2 Study design for environmental monitoring; 3.2.1 Determining the scale and location of the monitoring; 3.2.2 Critical sampling design considerations; 3.3 Field sampling program; 3.3.1 Initial reconnaissance; 3.3.2 Sampling of waters, sediments and biota; 3.3.3 Collection of baseline data; 3.3.4 Time-of-impact data; 3.3.5 Monitoring QA/QC; 3.4 Laboratory analyses; 3.5 Data handling and management; 4 Responding to an oil spill: initial assessment; 4.1 Functions, roles and structures; 4.2 Preparedness and contingency planning.
- 4.2.1 Field monitoring capability readiness4.2.2 Team roles and qualifications; 4.2.3 Health and safety considerations; 4.2.4 Logistical requirements; 4.3 The spill response process; 4.3.1 Spill notification and developing situational awareness; 4.3.2 Initial assessment; 4.3.3 Contingency plan activation; 4.3.4 Response decisions; 5 Response option assessment; 5.1 Evaluating response options: net environmental benefit analysis; 5.2 Decision making for shoreline clean-up and assessment ; 5.3 Response evaluation; 6 Response phase monitoring; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Oil spill trajectory modelling.
- 6.2.1 Support to oil spill monitoring6.3 Physical monitoring; 6.3.1 Verification of spill trajectory; 6.3.2 Remote-sensing surveillance; 6.3.3 Sensors; 6.3.4 Platforms; 6.3.5 Wide-area coverage; 6.3.6 Localised coverage; 6.3.7 Other factors to consider when choosing a remote-sensing method; 6.4 Vessel-based surveillance; 6.4.1 Generic vessel operational considerations; 6.4.2 Visual observations; 6.4.3 Sea state; 6.4.4 Oil identification and volume estimation; 6.4.5 Vessel-based surface slick identification systems; 6.4.6 Vessel-based water column monitoring; 6.5 Chemical monitoring.