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|a 951999392
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|a 1264768355
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|a 9780128032749
|q (electronic bk.)
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|a 8A7C15EC-CCDF-4FFA-B40E-E00D2DAFF905
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| 049 |
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|a UAMI
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|a Eckhoff, Rolf K.
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|a Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries.
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|a 2nd ed.
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| 260 |
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|a Saint Louis :
|b Elsevier Science,
|c 2016.
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| 300 |
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|a 1 online resource (578 pages)
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| 336 |
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|a text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a computer
|b c
|2 rdamedia
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|a online resource
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|a Print version record.
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|a Front Cover -- EXPLOSION HAZARDS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES -- EXPLOSION HAZARDS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES -- Copyright -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION -- PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION -- One -- Introduction -- 1.1 PROCESS SAFETY-A PERSISTENT CHALLENGE -- 1.2 WHAT IS AN EXPLOSION? -- 1.3 GAS/VAPOR AND DUST EXPLOSIONS-REAL HAZARDS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES -- 1.4 HOW AND WHERE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIVE GAS/VAPOR AND DUST CLOUDS ARE GENERATED IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES: BASIC DIFFERENCES -- 1.4.1 Similar Ignition and Combustion Properties of Clouds Generated -- 1.4.2 Influence of Inertial Forces on the Movement of Dust Particles in a Dust Cloud -- 1.4.3 Fundamental Differences Between the Ways Explosive Clouds Are Generated -- 1.4.4 Migration of Dust Particles Through Narrow Holes and Gaps in Enclosure Walls -- 1.5 EUROPEAN DEFINITION OF "EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES" -- 1.6 DOMINO/ESCALATION EFFECTS FROM ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS -- 1.7 THE "HUMAN FACTOR" IN PROCESS SAFETY -- Two -- Gas and Vapor Cloud Explosions -- 2.1 COMBUSTION OF GASES AND VAPORS -- 2.1.1 Diffusion Combustion and "Premixed" Combustion -- 2.1.2 Laminar Burning of Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.1.3 Flammable Concentration Ranges for Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.1.3.1 General -- 2.1.3.2 Flash Point of a Combustible Liquid -- 2.1.3.3 Classification of Flammable Fluids According to Their Flash Points -- 2.1.4 Maximum Pressures Generated from Constant-Volume Adiabatic Combustion of Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.1.5 The "Expansion Ratio" in Combustion of Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.1.6 Turbulent Combustion of Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.1.7 Detonation of Premixed Gas/Vapor and Air -- 2.2 IGNITION OF PREMIXED GAS/VAPOR AND AIR -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 What Is Ignition? Basic Theory of "Thermal Runaway".
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|a 2.2.3 Ignition by Open Flames and Hot Gases -- 2.2.4 Ignition by Hot Surfaces -- 2.2.4.1 Overview -- 2.2.4.2 Minimum Ignition Temperatures of Multicomponent Fuels in Air -- 2.2.4.3 Solution for the Future: Dynamic Computer Simulation Models of Hot Surface Ignition -- 2.2.4.4 Standard Test Methods for Tmin -- 2.2.5 Ignition by Burning Metal Particles, "Thermite" Reactions, and Transient "Hot-Spots" -- 2.2.5.1 Introductory Overview -- 2.2.5.2 Ignition by Small Burning Metal Particles from Single Impacts -- 2.2.5.3 Ignition by Thermite Flashes -- 2.2.5.4 Ignition by Transient Hot-Spots -- 2.2.6 Ignition by Electric Sparks, Arcs, and Electrostatic Discharges -- 2.2.6.1 Electric Sparks Between Two Conducting Electrodes -- 2.2.6.2 Various Forms of One-Electrode Electrostatic Discharges from Charged Nonconductors: Concept of "Equivalent Energy" -- 2.2.7 Ignition by a Jet of Hot Combustion Products -- 2.2.7.1 The Basic Process -- 2.2.7.2 Grouping of Ignition Sensitivity of Premixed Gas/Air According to MESG -- 2.2.8 Ignition by Rapid Adiabatic Compression -- 2.2.9 Ignition by Light Radiation -- 2.2.10 Concluding Remark -- 2.3 CASE HISTORIES OF ACCIDENTAL GAS/VAPOR CLOUD EXPLOSIONS -- 2.3.1 Motivation -- 2.3.2 Historical Perspective: Methane Explosions in Coal Mines -- 2.3.3 Some Older Published Reviews of Major Accidental Gas/Vapor Cloud Explosions -- 2.3.4 The Flixborough Disaster, United Kingdom (1974) -- 2.3.4.1 Summary -- 2.3.4.2 The Process and the Plant -- 2.3.4.3 Events Prior to the Explosion -- 2.3.4.4 The Explosion -- 2.3.4.5 The Investigation -- 2.3.5 The Beek Explosion, The Netherlands (1975) -- 2.3.5.1 Summary -- 2.3.5.2 Process and Plant -- 2.3.5.3 Events Prior to the Explosion -- 2.3.5.4 The Explosion -- 2.3.5.5 Computer Simulation -- 2.3.6 The Arendal Explosion, Gothenburg, Sweden (1981) -- 2.3.6.1 Summary -- 2.3.6.2 The Site of the Event.
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|a 2.3.6.3 Leak and Vapor Cloud Formation -- 2.3.6.4 Ignition and Explosion -- 2.3.7 Methane Explosion in a 17,000m3 Coal Silo at Elkford, British Columbia, Canada (1982) -- 2.3.7.1 Plant and Process -- 2.3.7.2 The Explosion and Its Consequences -- 2.3.7.3 Possible Ignition Source -- 2.3.8 The "West Vanguard" Explosion in the North Sea (1985) -- 2.3.8.1 Summary -- 2.3.8.2 Site of Explosion -- 2.3.8.3 Events Leading to the Explosion -- 2.3.8.4 The Ignition Sources -- 2.3.8.5 The Explosions and Their Consequences -- 2.3.8.6 Computer Simulations of Gas Explosions -- 2.3.9 Catastrophic Gas Explosion in Taegu, South Korea, April 1995 -- 2.3.9.1 Overview -- 2.3.9.2 Circumstances Before the Explosion -- 2.3.9.3 Possible Causes of Explosion -- 2.3.9.3.1 Scenario 1 -- 2.3.9.3.2 Scenario 2 -- 2.3.9.3.3 Scenario 3 -- 2.3.9.4 Extent of Explosion and Its Consequences -- 2.3.9.5 Rescue Operations -- 2.3.9.6 Lessons Learnt -- 2.3.9.7 The"Human Factor" -- 2.3.10 Explosion at Buncefield Oil Storage Depot, United Kingdom in 2005 -- 2.3.10.1 The Main Investigation -- 2.3.10.2 Were the High Overpressures in the Major Explosion Nevertheless Caused by Trees and Bushes? -- 2.3.11 The Tesoro Anacortes Refinery Explosion -- 2.3.11.1 Overview of Similar Accidents in the United States -- 2.3.11.2 Introduction to Anacortes Refinery Explosion -- 2.3.11.3 The Chain of Events -- 2.3.11.4 Further Analysis of the HTHA at the E Heat Exchanger -- 2.3.11.5 Recommendations and Concerns Expressed by CSB -- 2.3.11.5.1 Technical Matters -- 2.3.11.5.2 Organizational Concerns -- 2.4 MEANS OF PREVENTING AND MITIGATING/CONTROLLING GAS/VAPOR EXPLOSIONS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES -- 2.4.1 Application of the Concept of "Inherently Safer Plant Design" to Prevention and Mitigation/Control of Accidental Gas/Vapor ... -- 2.4.1.1 Outline of Basic Concept -- 2.4.1.2 Examples -- 2.4.1.2.1 Minimalization.
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|a 2.4.1.2.2 Substitution -- 2.4.1.2.3 Moderation -- 2.4.1.2.4 Simplification -- 2.4.2 Preventing, and Limiting Size of, Explosive Gas/Vapor Clouds -- 2.4.2.1 Preventing Gas Leaks from Process Equipment -- 2.4.2.1.1 Piping and Vessels -- 2.4.2.1.2 Flanges and Connections -- 2.4.2.1.3 Instrumentation, Valves, and Rotating Machinery -- 2.4.2.2 Minimizing Size of Gas Cloud in Case of Accidental Leaks by Early Leak Detection and Effective Shutdown -- 2.4.2.2.1 Overall Objective and Performance Criteria of Gas Detection Systems -- 2.4.2.2.2 Detector Types -- 2.4.2.2.3 Coverage and Location of Gas Detectors -- 2.4.2.2.4 Gas Detection Alarms -- 2.4.2.2.5 Other Issues of Concern Related to Gas Detection Systems Include -- 2.4.2.2.6 Mist/Spray Detectors -- 2.4.2.3 Emergency Shutdown Systems (ESD) -- 2.4.2.3.1 Purpose of ESD Systems -- 2.4.2.3.2 Manual ESD Activation -- 2.4.2.3.3 ESD Actions and Documentation -- 2.4.2.3.4 ESD Alarms -- 2.4.2.3.5 ESD Response Time/Rate -- 2.4.2.3.6 ESD Independence, Operating Integrity, Reliability, and Survivability -- 2.4.2.3.7 ESD Fail-to-Safe Principle -- 2.4.2.4 ESD Man-Machine Interface -- 2.4.2.5 Fast Dilution with Air of Gas Leaks by Natural Ventilation and Forced Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC) -- 2.4.2.5.1 Overview -- 2.4.2.5.2 Natural Ventilation in Classified Areas -- 2.4.2.5.3 Forced/Mechanical Ventilation in Classified Areas -- 2.4.2.5.4 Documentation and Modification -- 2.4.3 Preventing Ignition Sources -- 2.4.3.1 Introduction -- 2.4.3.2 Open Flames -- 2.4.3.3 Hot Surfaces -- 2.4.3.4 Burning Metal Particles, "Thermite" Reactions, and Transient "Hot Spots" -- 2.4.3.5 Ignition by Electric Sparks, Arcs, and Electrostatic Discharges -- 2.4.3.6 Ignition by a Jet of Hot Combustion Products -- 2.4.3.7 Ignition by Light Radiation -- 2.4.4 Controlling Ignition Sources -- 2.4.4.1 Introduction.
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|a 2.4.4.2 Equipment in Naturally Ventilated, Normally Nonhazardous, Areas -- 2.4.4.3 Isolation of Electrical Ignition Sources -- 2.4.4.3.1 Group 1 -- 2.4.4.3.2 Group 2 -- 2.4.4.3.3 Group 3 -- 2.4.4.4 Isolation of Nonelectrical Ignition Sources -- 2.4.4.4.1 Group 1 -- 2.4.4.4.2 Group 2 -- 2.4.4.4.3 Group 3 -- 2.4.4.5 Cranes -- 2.4.4.6 Human-Machine Interface (HMI) in Central Control Room -- 2.4.4.7 Operation, Inspection and Maintenance -- 2.4.5 Mitigating/Controlling Gas/Vapor Cloud Explosions Once Initiated Despite Preventive Measures -- 2.4.5.1 Control and Mitigation-Two Different Concepts? -- 2.4.5.2 Explosion Isolation: Minimizing Explosion Propagation Inside Process Equipment Using Shut-off Valves and Other Physical Bar ... -- 2.4.5.2.1 Reasons for Using Explosion Isolation -- 2.4.5.2.2 Mechanical Valves -- 2.4.5.2.3 Flame Arresters -- 2.4.5.2.4 Flame Interruption by Automatic Injection of Suppressant -- 2.4.5.3 Minimizing Gas Cloud Size and Controlling Gas Cloud Location Outside Process Equipment Using Physical Barriers -- 2.4.5.3.1 The Hazardous Situation in a Brief Historical Perspective -- 2.4.5.3.2 Definition of a Physical "Barrier" -- 2.4.5.3.3 Cloud Size and Location Control Barriers -- 2.4.5.4 Use of Physical Barriers for Controlling Explosion Violence -- 2.4.5.4.1 Controlling Precompression (Pressure Piling) -- 2.4.5.4.2 Controlling Turbulence Generation -- 2.4.5.4.3 Suitable Materials for Soft Barriers -- 2.4.5.4.4 Additional Hazards to Be Considered When Using Soft Physical Barriers Other Than Water -- 2.4.5.5 Design of Buildings to Prevent Damage by Gas Explosions -- 2.4.5.6 Explosion Venting -- 2.4.5.6.1 What Is Explosion Venting? -- 2.4.5.6.2 Vent Covers -- 2.4.5.6.3 Potential Hazards Caused by Venting -- 2.4.5.6.4 Use of Vent Ducts -- 2.4.5.6.5 Reaction Forces Caused by Venting.
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| 590 |
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|a Knovel
|b ACADEMIC - Safety & Industrial Hygiene
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| 650 |
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0 |
|a Dust explosions.
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| 650 |
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0 |
|a Fire prevention.
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| 650 |
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0 |
|a Industrial accidents.
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| 650 |
|
6 |
|a Coups de poussières.
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| 650 |
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6 |
|a Incendies
|x Prévention.
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a fire prevention.
|2 aat
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| 650 |
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7 |
|a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
|x General.
|2 bisacsh
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a Dust explosions.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst00899657
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| 650 |
|
7 |
|a Fire prevention.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst00925460
|
| 650 |
|
7 |
|a Industrial accidents.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst00970769
|
| 776 |
0 |
8 |
|i Print version:
|a Eckhoff, Rolf K.
|t Explosion Hazards in the Process Industries.
|d Saint Louis : Elsevier Science, ©2016
|z 9780128032732
|
| 856 |
4 |
0 |
|u https://appknovel.uam.elogim.com/kn/resources/kpEHPIE001/toc
|z Texto completo
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| 938 |
|
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|a ProQuest Ebook Central
|b EBLB
|n EBL4558063
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|b EBSC
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|b YANK
|n 13043528
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|a 92
|b IZTAP
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