Cargando…
Rare earths : science, technology, production and use /
High-technology and environmental applications of the rare-earth elements (REE) have grown dramatically in diversity and importance over the past four decades. This book provides a scientific understanding of rare earth properties and uses, present and future. It also points the way to efficient rec...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Oxford, England ; Waltham, Massachusetts :
Elsevier,
2015.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover; Rare Earths: Science, Technology, Production and Use; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1: Overview; 1.1. Exploited Properties; 1.2. Uses; 1.3. Occurrence; 1.4. Mines and Mining; 1.5. Rare Earth [RE] Extraction; 1.6. Metal Production; 1.7. Rare Earth Uses; 1.7.1. Rare earth metals in magnet alloys; 1.7.2. Rare earths in rechargeable battery electrodes; 1.7.3. Rare earth automobile exhaust pollution abatement catalysts; 1.7.4. Glass polishing powders; 1.7.5. Luminescent and phosphorescent uses; 1.8. Rare Earth Recycling (Fig. 1.9); 1.9. Summary; References.
- Suggested ReadingChapter 2: Rare Earth Production, Use and Price; 2.1. Chapter Objectives; 2.2. Form of Use; 2.3. Detailed Uses; 2.4. Rare Earth Prices; 2.4.1. Comparison with platinum group metals; 2.5. Mining Rare Earths; 2.5.1. Locations; 2.6. Summary; References; Chapter 3: Mining and Rare Earth Concentrate Production; 3.1. Rare Earth Deposits; 3.2. Igneous Deposits; 3.3. Mining; 3.4. Extracting Rare Earth Elements from Mined Ore; 3.5. Concentrate Production; 3.6. Froth Flotation; 3.7. Flotation Product; 3.7.1. Flotation summary; 3.8. Rare Earth Beach Sands.
- 3.9. Rare Earth Cation Adsorption Clays3.10. Deposit Structure; 3.11. Ion Adsorption Clay Formation; 3.12. Commercial Leaching of the Clays; 3.13. Initial Rare Earth Oxide Production; 3.14. Summary; References; Suggested Reading; Chapter 4: Extracting Rare Earth Elements from Concentrates; 4.1. Industrial Rare Earth Minerals; 4.2. Industrial Rare Earth Extraction; 4.3. Extraction from Monazite and Xenotime Ores; 4.3.1. Caustic soda leaching; 4.3.2. Advantages of caustic soda leaching; 4.3.3. Acid baking process; 4.4. Bastnasite Leaching; 4.4.1. Roast-hydrochloric acid leach process.
- 4.4.2. Caustic soda leaching4.4.3. Sulfuric acid baking; 4.5. Rare Earth Cation Adsorption Clays; 4.5.1. Leaching methods; 4.6. Loparite; 4.7. Apatite; 4.7.1. Sulfuric acid leaching; 4.7.2. Nitric acid leaching; 4.8. New Processes for Other Rare Earth Minerals Including Silicates; 4.8.1. Thor Lake, Northwest territories, Canada (Avalon process, Fig. 4.8); 4.8.2. Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia (Alkane Resources, Ltd.); 4.9. The Key Question of Radioactive Impurities Removal; 4.9.1. The radioactive families; 4.9.2. Thorium and uranium removal; 4.9.3. Radium removal; 4.9.4. Lead removal.
- 4.9.5. Actinium removal4.9.6. Thorex radioactive element removal process; 4.10. Summary; Suggested Reading; Chapter 5: Rare Earths Purification, Separation, Precipitation and Calcination; 5.1. Selective Crystallization; 5.2. Ion Exchange; 5.3. Solvent Extraction (Rydberg et al., 2007); 5.3.1. Solvent extraction process-how to get pure rare earths from a mixed rare earth solution; 5.3.2. The industrial solvent extraction equipment-mixer-settlers; 5.3.3. The chemistry of solvent extraction and the solvent choice; 5.3.4. Chloride process vs. nitrate process.