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Medical biotechnology /
The future is now-this groundbreaking textbook illustrates how biotechnology has radically changed the way we think about health care.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, DC :
ASM Press,
[2014]
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine generated contents note: SECTION I The Biology behind the Technology
- 1. Fundamental Technologies
- Molecular Cloning
- Preparation of DNA for Cloning
- Insertion of Target DNA into a Plasmid Vector
- Transformation and Selection of Cloned DNA in a Bacterial Host
- Cloning Eukaryotic Genes
- Recombinational Cloning
- Genomic Libraries
- Amplification of DNA Using PCR
- DNA Sequencing Technologies
- Dideoxynucleotide Procedure
- Pyrosequencing
- Sequencing Using Reversible Chain Terminators
- Sequencing by Ligation
- Sequencing Whole Genomes
- Shotgun Cloning Strategy
- High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing Strategies
- Genomics
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics
- Metabolomics
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 2. Fundamental Concepts in Immunology
- The Immune Response
- Overview of Infection and Immunity
- Functions of the Immune System
- Innate Immunity
- Adaptive Immunity
- Cells of the Immune System: Cell-Mediated Immunity.
- Note continued: Bone Marrow Precursor Cells
- Myeloid Cells Mediate Innate Immunity
- Lymphocytes
- Antigen-Presenting Cells
- Effector Cells
- Tissues of the Immune System
- Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
- Lymphocyte Recirculation and Migration into Tissues
- Antigen Recognition by T Cells
- Humoral Immunity
- Structure of Immunoglobulins
- Functions of Immunoglobulins
- Types of Antibodies: Applications
- Polyclonal Antibodies
- Antisera
- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Recombinant Antibodies
- Immunological Techniques
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Mass Cytometry
- Two-Photon Intravital Cell Imaging
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 3. The Genetic Basis of Disease
- Chromosomal Disorders and Gene Mapping
- Chromosomes and Chromosome Abnormalities
- Human Genome Mapping
- Genome-Wide Association Studies
- Single-Gene Disorders
- Mode of Inheritance
- Thalassemia.
- Note continued: Sickle-Cell Anemia
- Hemophilia
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Tay-Sachs Disease
- Fragile X Syndrome
- Huntington Disease
- Polygenic Disorders and Gene Clustering
- GWAS Strategies To Map Genes for Polygenic Disease
- Breast Cancer
- Alzheimer Disease
- Type 1 Diabetes
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Mitochondrial Disorders
- Disorders
- Genetics
- Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Parkinson Disease
- Prevalence
- Diagnosis and Prognosis
- Treatment
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 4. Immune Pathogenesis
- Models of Immune System Lesions
- Immunological Tolerance
- Failure of Immune Tolerance and Development of Autoimmune Disease
- Immune Surveillance against Tumors
- Immune Evasion by Tumors
- Inflammation and Immune Hypersensitivity Disorders
- Types of Inflammation and Associated Immune Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Immediate Hypersensitivity
- Therapy for Immediate Hypersensitivity.
- Note continued: Antibody- and Antigen-Antibody Complex-Induced Disease
- T-Cell-Mediated Diseases
- Immunodeficiency Disorders and Defects in Development of the Immune System
- Primary Immunodeficiencies
- Secondary Immunodeficiencies
- Aids
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 5. Microbial Pathogenesis
- Introduction
- Bacterial Infections
- Attachment to Host Cells
- Invasion and Dissemination
- Evasion of Host Defenses and Proliferation
- Damage to Host Tissues
- Identification of Bacterial Virulence Factors
- Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens
- Treatment of Bacterial Infections
- Viral Infections
- Attachment and Entry
- Viral Gene Expression and Replication
- Virus Assembly and Release
- General Patterns of Viral Infections of Humans
- Targets for Treatment of Viral Infections
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- SECTION II Production of Therapeutic Agents
- 6. Modulation of Gene Expression.
- Note continued: Manipulating Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
- Promoters
- Translational Regulation
- Codon Usage
- Protein Stability
- Fusion Proteins
- Metabolic Load
- Chromosomal Integration
- Increasing Secretion
- Overcoming Oxygen Limitation
- Reducing Acetate
- Protein Folding
- Heterologous Protein Production in Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic Expression Systems
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Expression Systems
- Other Yeast Expression Systems
- Baculovirus
- Insect Cell Expression Systems
- Mammalian Cell Expression Systems
- Directed Mutagenesis
- Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis with M13 DNA
- Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis with Plasmid DNA
- PCR-Amplified Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis
- Error-Prone PCR
- Random Mutagenesis
- DNA Shuffling
- Examples of Modified Proteins
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 7. Genetic Engineering of Plants
- Plant Transformation with the Ti Plasmid of A. tumefaciens.
- Note continued: Physical Transfer of Genes to Plants
- Chloroplast Engineering
- Transient Gene Expression
- Molecular Pharming
- Therapeutic Agents
- Antibodies
- Edible Vaccines
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- SECTION III Diagnosing and Treating Human Disease
- 8. Molecular Diagnostics
- Immunological Approaches To Detect Protein Biomarkers of Disease
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
- Measuring Disease-Associated Proteins by Sandwich ELISA
- Diagnosing Autoimmune Diseases by an Indirect ELISA
- Immunoassays for Infectious Disease
- Protein Arrays To Detect Polygenic Diseases
- Immunoassays for Protein Conformation-Specific Disorders
- DNA-Based Approaches to Disease Diagnosis
- Hybridization Probes
- Allele-Specific Hybridization
- Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay
- Padlock Probes
- Allele-Specific PCR
- TaqMan PCR
- Real-Time PCR To Detect Infectious Disease.
- Note continued: Detection of Multiple Disease-Associated Mutations Using Microarrays
- Detection of Epigenetic Markers
- Detection of SNPs by Mass Spectrometry
- Detecting RNA Signatures of Disease
- Detection of Disease-Associated Changes in Gene Expression Using Microarrays
- Detection of RNA Signatures of Antibiotic Resistance in Human Pathogens
- Detection of miRNA Signatures of Cancers
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 9. Protein Therapeutics
- Pharmaceuticals
- Interferon
- Human Growth Hormone
- Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Targeting Mitochondria
- Extending Protein Half-Life
- Engineered Bacteriophages
- Recombinant Antibodies
- Preventing Rejection of Transplanted Organs
- Hybrid Human
- Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies
- Human Monoclonal Antibodies
- Antibody Fragments
- Combinatorial Libraries of Antibody Fragments
- Anticancer Antibodies
- Antianthrax Antibodies
- Antiobesity Antibodies
- Enhanced Antibody Half-Life
- Enzymes.
- Note continued: DNasel
- Alginate Lyase
- Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase
- [alpha]1-Antitrypsin
- Glycosidases
- Lactic Acid Bacteria
- Interleukin-10
- Leptin
- An HIV Inhibitor
- Insulin
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 10. Nucleic Acid Therapeutic Agents and Human Gene Therapy
- Treating Genetic and Nongenetic Disorders
- Targeting Specific mRNAs and DNAs
- Antisense RNA
- Aptamers
- Ribozymes
- DNAzymes
- Interfering RNA
- Zinc Finger Nucleases
- Viral Delivery Systems
- Gammaretrovirus
- Lentivirus
- Adeno-Associated Virus
- Adenovirus
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1
- Nonviral Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems
- Direct Injection
- Lipids
- Bacteria
- Dendrimers
- Antibodies
- Aptamers
- Transposons
- Prodrug Activation Therapy
- Gene Therapy
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
- Cancer
- Eye Disorders
- Muscle Disorders
- Neurological Disorders
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 11. Vaccines.
- Note continued: Vaccination: Overview
- Advantages
- Limitations
- Current Vaccine Design
- Subunit Vaccines
- Herpes Simplex Virus
- Cholera
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Human Papillomavirus
- Peptide Vaccines
- Malaria
- Cancer
- Autoimmune Disease
- Allergy
- Dendritic Cell Vaccines
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- Cancer
- DNA Vaccines
- Delivery and Immune Mechanisms of Action
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Improved Efficacy and Immunogenicity
- Attenuated Vaccines
- Cholera
- Salmonella Species
- Leishmania Species
- Poliovirus
- Influenza Virus
- Dengue Virus
- Vector Vaccines
- Vaccines Directed against Viruses
- Vaccines Directed against Bacteria
- Bacteria as Antigen Delivery Systems
- Adjuvants
- Systems Biology and Evaluation of Vaccines
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References
- 12. Societal Issues
- Safety and Ethical Issues
- Regulation of New Drugs.
- Note continued: Regulation of Genetic and Genomic Testing
- Patenting Biotechnology
- Patenting
- Patenting in Different Countries
- Patenting DNA Sequences
- Patenting Living Organisms
- Patenting and Fundamental Research
- Economic Issues
- Summary
- Review Questions
- References.