Hydrogeology : principles and practice /

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology. It has been updated to reflect advances in the field since 2004 and presents a systematic approach to understanding groundwater. Topics include: fundamental physical and chemical principles of hydrogeology; groundwater inv...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Hiscock, K. M. (Kevin M.)
Otros Autores: Bense, V. F. (Victor Franciscus)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley Blackwell, 2014.
Edición:Second edition.
Temas:
Hydrogeology.
Hydrogéologie.
SCIENCE > Earth Sciences > Geography.
SCIENCE > Earth Sciences > Geology.
Hydrogeology
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Scope of this book
  • 1.2. What is hydrogeology?
  • 1.3. Early examples of groundwater exploitation
  • 1.4. History of hydrogeology
  • 1.5. The water cycle
  • 1.6. Groundwater as a natural resource
  • 1.7. Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United Kingdom
  • 1.8. European Union Water Framework Directive
  • 1.9. Management and protection of groundwater resources in the United States
  • 1.10. Groundwater resources in developing countries
  • 1.11. Future challenges for groundwater management
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 2. Physical hydrogeology
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. Porosity
  • 2.3. Hydraulic conductivity
  • 2.4. Isotropy and homogeneity
  • 2.5. Aquifers, aquitards and aquicludes
  • 2.6. Darcy's Law
  • 2.6.1. Hydraulic properties of fractured rocks
  • 2.6.2. Karst aquifer properties
  • 2.7. Groundwater potential and hydraulic head
  • 2.8. Interpretation of hydraulic head and groundwater conditions
  • 2.8.1. Groundwater flow direction
  • 2.8.2. Water table and potentiometric surface maps
  • 2.8.3. Types of groundwater conditions
  • 2.9. Transmissivity and storativity of confined aquifers
  • 2.9.1. Release of water from confined aquifers
  • 2.10. Transmissivity and specific yield of unconfined aquifers
  • 2.11. Equations of groundwater flow
  • 2.11.1. Steady-state saturated flow
  • 2.11.2. Transient saturated flow
  • 2.11.3. Transient unsaturated flow
  • 2.12. Analytical solution of one-dimensional groundwater flow problems
  • 2.13. Groundwater flow patterns
  • 2.14. Classification of springs and intermittent streams
  • 2.15. Transboundary aquifer systems
  • 2.16. Submarine groundwater discharge
  • 2.17. Groundwater resources of the world
  • 2.18. Hydrogeological environments of the United Kingdom
  • 2.18.1. Sedimentary rocks
  • 2.18.2. Metamorphic rocks
  • 2.18.3. Igneous rocks
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 3. Groundwater and geological processes
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Geological processes driving fluid flow
  • 3.3. Topography-driven flow in the context of geological processes
  • 3.4. Compaction-driven fluid flow
  • 3.5. Variable-density driven fluid flow
  • 3.5.1. Salinity gradients leading to variable-density flow
  • 3.5.2. Hydrothermal systems driven by variable-density flow
  • 3.6. Regional groundwater flow systems driven predominantly by variable-density flow
  • 3.6.1. Fluctuating sea-level and its impact on the distribution of groundwater salinity in coastal areas
  • 3.6.2. Brines in continental aquifers
  • 3.7. Regional groundwater flow systems driven predominantly by shifting topography and stress changes
  • 3.7.1. Mountain building and erosion
  • 3.7.2. Impact of glaciations on regional hydrogeology
  • 3.8. Coupling and relative importance of processes driving fluid flow
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 4. Chemical hydrogeology
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. Properties of water
  • 4.3. Chemical composition of groundwater
  • 4.4. Sequence of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater
  • 4.5. Groundwater sampling and graphical presentation of hydrochemical data
  • 4.6. Concept of chemical equilibrium
  • 4.6.1. Kinetic approach to chemical equilibrium
  • 4.6.2. Energetic approach to chemical equilibrium
  • 4.7. Carbonate chemistry of groundwater
  • 4.8. Adsorption and ion exchange
  • 4.9. Redox chemistry
  • 4.10. Groundwater in crystalline rocks
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 5. Environmental isotope hydrogeology
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Stable isotope chemistry and nomenclature
  • 5.3. Stable isotopes of water
  • 5.4. Age dating of groundwater
  • 5.4.1. Law of radioactive decay
  • 5.4.2. 14C dating
  • 5.4.3. 36CI dating
  • 5.4.4. Tritium dating
  • 5.4.5. 3H/3He dating
  • 5.5. Noble gases
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 6. Groundwater and catchment processes
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Water balance equation
  • 6.3. Precipitation and evapotranspiration
  • 6.3.1. Precipitation measurement
  • 6.3.2. Evapotranspiration measurement and estimation
  • 6.4. Soil water and infiltration
  • 6.4.1. Soil moisture content and soil water potential
  • 6.4.2. Calculation of drainage and evaporation losses
  • 6.4.3. Infiltration theory and measurement
  • 6.5. Recharge estimation
  • 6.5.1. Borehole hydrograph method
  • 6.5.2. Soil moisture budget method
  • 6.5.3. Chloride budget method
  • 6.5.4. Temperature profile method
  • 6.6. Stream gauging techniques
  • 6.6.1. Velocity area methods
  • 6.6.1.1. Surface floats
  • 6.6.1.2. Current metering
  • 6.6.1.3. Acoustic Doppler current profiler
  • 6.6.2. Dilution gauging
  • 6.6.3. Ultrasonic, electromagnetic and integrating float methods
  • 6.6.4. Slope-area method
  • 6.6.5. Weirs and flumes
  • 6.7. Hydrograph analysis
  • 6.7.1. Quickflow and baseflow separation
  • 6.7.2. Unit hydrograph theory
  • 6.8. Surface water
  • groundwater interaction
  • 6.8.1. Temperature-based methods of detection
  • 6.8.2. Simulating river flow depletion
  • 6.8.2.1. Analytical solutions
  • 6.8.2.2. Catchment resource modelling
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 7. Groundwater investigation techniques
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Measurement and interpretation of groundwater level data
  • 7.2.1. Water level measurement
  • 7.2.2. Well and borehole design and construction methods
  • 7.2.3. Borehole hydrographs and barometric efficiency
  • 7.2.4. Construction of groundwater level contour maps
  • 7.3. Field estimation of aquifer properties
  • 7.3.1. Piezometer tests
  • 7.3.2. Pumping tests
  • 7.3.2.1. Thiem equilibrium method
  • 7.3.2.2. Theis non-equilibrium method
  • 7.3.2.3. Cooper
  • Jacob straight-line method
  • 7.3.2.4. Recovery test method
  • 7.3.2.5. Principle of superposition of drawdown
  • 7.3.2.6. Leaky, unconfined and bounded aquifer systems
  • 7.3.3. Tracer tests
  • 7.3.4. Geophysical methods
  • 7.4. Remote sensing methods
  • 7.5. Groundwater modelling
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 8. Groundwater quality and contaminant hydrogeology
  • 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.2. Water quality standards
  • 8.2.1. Water hardness
  • 8.2.2. Irrigation water quality
  • 8.3. Transport of contaminants in groundwater
  • 8.3.1. Transport of non-reactive dissolved contaminants
  • 8.3.1.1. One-dimensional solute transport equation
  • 8.3.2. Transport of reactive dissolved contaminants
  • 8.3.3. Transport of non-aqueous phase liquids
  • 8.3.3.1. Hydrophobic sorption of non-polar organic compounds
  • 8.3.4. Effects of density and heterogeneity
  • 8.4. Sources of groundwater contamination
  • 8.4.1. Urban and industrial contaminants
  • 8.4.2. Municipal landfill, domestic and cemetery wastes
  • 8.4.3. Agricultural contaminants
  • 8.4.4. Saline water intrusion in coastal aquifers
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 9. Groundwater pollution remediation and protection
  • 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.2. Groundwater pollution remediation techniques
  • 9.2.1. Pump-and-treat
  • 9.2.2. Permeable reactive barriers
  • 9.2.3. Monitored natural attenuation
  • 9.3. Groundwater pollution protection strategies in industrialized countries
  • 9.3.1. Groundwater vulnerability mapping and aquifer resource protection
  • 9.3.2. Source protection zones
  • 9.3.3. Risk assessment methods
  • 9.3.4. Spatial planning and groundwater protection
  • 9.4. Groundwater protection strategies in developing countries
  • Further reading
  • References
  • 10. Groundwater resources and environmental management
  • 10.1. Introduction
  • 10.2. Groundwater resources schemes
  • 10.2.1. Large-scale groundwater development schemes
  • 10.2.2. Regional-scale groundwater development schemes
  • 10.2.3. Artificial storage and recovery schemes
  • 10.2.4. Riverbank filtration schemes
  • 10.2.5. Horizontal well schemes
  • 10.3. Wetland hydrogeology
  • 10.4. Climate change and groundwater resources
  • 10.4.1. Adaptation to climate change
  • Further reading
  • References
  • Appendices
  • 1. Conversion factors
  • 2. Properties of water in the range 0
  • 100°C
  • 3. The geological timescale
  • 4. Symbols, atomic numbers and atomic weights
  • 5. Composition of seawater and rainwater
  • References
  • 6. Values of
  • W(u) for various values of u
  • 7. Values of q/Q and v/Qt corresponding to selected values of t/F for use in computing the rate and volume of stream depletion by wells and boreholes
  • 8. Complementary error function
  • 9. Drinking water quality standards and Lists I and II Substances
  • 10. Review questions and exercises
  • References.

Ejemplares similares