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The ultraviolet disinfection handbook /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Denver, CO :
American Water Works Association,
©2008.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine derived contents note: Chapter 1 Introduction 1
- What is Ultraviolet Disinfection? 1
- How Does UV Disinfection Compare to Chemical Disinfection?
- History of Ultraviolet Disinfection 2
- Government Regulations 5
- Advantages and Disadvantages of UV Disinfection 6
- References 8
- Chapter 2 Fundamentals of UV Light and Photochemistry 11
- Light and Photons 11
- UV Light Spectral Ranges 12
- Emission, Transmission, and Absorption of Light 13
- What Happens When UV Light Reaches Its Intended Target 19
- Laws of Photochemistry 19
- Advanced Oxidation Technologies 21
- References 22
- Chapter 3 Mechanism of UV Disinfection 25
- Inactivation Mechanisms 25
- Reactivation Mechanisms 29
- UV Sensitivity of Microorganisms 31
- UV Dose (Fluence) in a UV Reactor 37
- References 39
- Chapter 4 UV Disinfection Regulations Summary 41
- Regulatory Background 41
- Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule 43
- Ground Water Rule 45
- References 46
- Chapter 5 UV Disinfection Equipment 49
- Types of Available UV Equipment 49
- UV Lamps 51
- UV Sensors 58
- Sleeves 59
- Ancillary Components 60
- Full-Scale Operating UV Disinfection Systems 60
- References 60
- Chapter 6 Validation of UV Reactor Performance 63
- Regulatory Requirements 63
- Biodosimetry Process 64
- Overview of USEPA Recommended Approach 65
- Modeling UV Dose (Fluence) Distributions 71
- Validation Effects on UV Facility Design 74
- References 75
- Chapter 7 Effects of Water Quality on UV Disinfection 77
- UV Transmittance 77
- Fouling 80
- Turbidity 81
- Upstream Treatment 82
- Algae 83
- Chlorine Reduction 83
- By-products From UV Treatment 84
- Site-Specific and Operational Issues 84
- References 85
- Chapter 8 Potential Locations for UV Disinfection Facilities 87
- Filtered Water Systems 87
- Unfiltered Systems Applications 90
- Uncovered Reservior Applications 90
- Groundwater Applications 91
- Small Systems 91
- Reuse Applications 91
- Reference 92
- Chapter 9 UV Facility Design Issues 93
- Disinfection Goals 93
- Key Design Criteria 94
- Hydraulics 97
- Electric Power Systems 100
- Site Constraints/Layout 101
- Cost Estimation 102
- Design Tools Available 102
- Modeling to Assist Design 103
- References 103
- Chapter 10 Start-up, Operations and Maintenance 105
- Operational Requirements 105
- Steps for Facility Start-up 106
- Routine Operations and Maintenance Tasks 108
- Monitoring 110
- Monitoring and Recording Frequencies 114
- Reporting Requirements 116
- Troubleshooting 116
- Reference 116
- Chapter 11 Safety and Handling of UV Equipment 119
- UV Light Exposure 119
- Electrical Safety 120
- Burn Safety 120
- Lamp Break Issues 120
- Operator Health and Safety-Mercury Exposure Limits 121
- Mercury Release Response 121
- References 124
- Chapter 12 Issues for a Water Utility Manager 125
- Using an Engineering Consulting Firm or Go-it-Alone? 125
- Information Needs 125
- Information to Provide and Questions for a Potential Engineering
- Consulting Firm 126
- Questions for a Potential UV Equipment Manufacturer 126
- Government Regulations 127
- Reference 127
- Appendix A Terms, Units, Symbols, and Definitions 133.