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Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles : reality, potential, and challenges /

In concept and execution, this book covers the field of EAP with careful attention to all its key aspects and full infrastructure, including the available materials, analytical models, processing techniques, and characterization methods. In this second edition the reader is brought current on promis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores:	Bar-Cohen, Yoseph
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE Press, ©2004.
Edición:	2nd ed.
Colección:	SPIE monograph ; PM136.
Temas:	Polymers in medicine. Conducting polymers. Muscles. Biophysics. Musculoskeletal system. Physiology. Surgical instruments and apparatus. Polymers. Electrophysiology. Life sciences. Anatomy. Manufactures. Physical sciences. Artificial organs. Polymers > chemistry Polymers > therapeutic use Biophysics Tissues Biomedical and Dental Materials Musculoskeletal System Physiology Surgical Equipment Macromolecular Substances Muscles Polymers Electrophysiology Equipment and Supplies Chemicals and Drugs Biological Science Disciplines Anatomy Manufactured Materials Natural Science Disciplines Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Technology, Industry, and Agriculture Disciplines and Occupations Technology, Industry, Agriculture Artificial Organs Electrophysiology > methods Muscles > physiology Surgical Instruments Animal Structures Polymères en médecine. Polymères conducteurs. Biophysique. Appareil locomoteur. Physiologie. Chirurgie > Appareils et matériel. Polymères. Électrophysiologie. Sciences de la vie. Anatomie. Produits manufacturés. Sciences physiques. Organes artificiels. physiology. polymers. biological sciences. anatomy. physical sciences. HEALTH & FITNESS > Holism. HEALTH & FITNESS > Reference. MEDICAL > Alternative Medicine. MEDICAL > Atlases. MEDICAL > Essays. MEDICAL > Family & General Practice. MEDICAL > Holistic Medicine. MEDICAL > Osteopathy. Surgical instruments and apparatus Physical sciences Musculoskeletal system Manufactures Life sciences Artificial organs Conducting polymers Polymers in medicine
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Topic 1. Introduction
Chapter 1. EAP history, current status, and infrastructure / Yoseph Bar-Cohen
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Biological muscles
1.3. Historical review and currently available active polymers
1.4. Polymers with controllable properties or shape
1.5. Electroactive polymers (EAP)
1.6. The EAP roadmap, need for an established EAP technology
Infrastructure
1.7. Potential
1.8. Acknowledgments
1.9. References.
Topic 2. Natural muscles
Chapter 2. Natural muscle as a biological system / Gerald H. Pollack, Felix A. Blyakhman, Frederick B. Reitz, Olga V. Yakovenko, and Dwayne L. Dunaway
2.1. Conceptual background
2.2. Structural considerations
2.3. Does contraction involve a phase transition?
2.4. Molecular basis of the phase transition
2.5. Lessons from the natural muscle system that may be useful for the design of polymer actuators
2.6. References
Chapter 3. Metrics of natural muscle function / Robert J. Full and Kenneth Meijer
3.1. Caution about copying and comparisons
3.2. Common characterizations, partial picture
3.3. Work-loop method reveals diverse roles of muscle function during rhythmic activity
3.4. Direct comparisons of muscle with human-made actuators
3.5. Future reciprocal Interdisciplinary collaborations
3.6. Acknowledgments
3.7. References.
Topic 3. EAP materials
Topic 3.1. Electric EAP
Chapter 4. Electric EAP / Qiming Zhang, Cheng Huang, Feng Xia, and Ji Su
4.1. Introduction
4.2. General terminology of electromechanical effects in electric EAP
4.3. PVDF-based ferroelectric polymers
4.4. Ferroelectric odd-numbered polyamides (nylons)
4.5. Electrostriction
4.6. Field-induced strain due to Maxwell stress effect
4.7. High dielectric constant polymeric materials as actuator materials
4.8. Electrets
4.9. Liquid-crystal polymers
4.10. Acknowledgments
4.11. References.
Topic 3.2. Ionic EAP
Chapter 5. Electroactive polymer gels / Paul Calvert
5.1. Introduction, the gel state
5.2. Physical gels
5.3. Chemical gels
5.4. Thermodynamic properties of gels
5.5. Transport properties of gels
5.6. Polyelectrolyte gels
5.7. Mechanical properties of gels
5.8. Chemical actuation of gels
5.9. Electrically actuated gels
5.10. Recent progress
5.11. Future directions
5.12. References
Chapter 6. Ionomeric polymer-metal composites / Sia Nemat-Nasser and Chris W. Thomas
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Brief history of IPMC materials
6.3. Materials and manufacture
6.4. Properties and characterization
6.5. Actuation mechanism
6.6. Development of IPMC applications
6.7. Discussion: advantages/disadvantages
6.8. Acknowledgments
6.9. References
Chapter 7. Conductive polymers / José-María Sansiñena and Virginia Olazábal
7.1. Brief history of conductive polymers
7.2. Applications of conductive polymers
7.3. Basic mechanism of CP actuators
7.4. Development of CP actuators
7.5. Advantages and disadvantages of CP actuators
7.6. Acknowledgments
7.7. References
Chapter 8. Carbon nanotube actuators: synthesis, properties, and performance / Geoffrey M. Spinks, Gordon G. Wallace, Ray H. Baughman, and Liming Dai
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Nanotube synthesis
8.3. Characterization of carbon nanotubes
8.4. Macroscopic nanotube assemblies: mats and fibers
8.5. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes
8.6. Mechanism of nanotube actuation
8.7. Experimental studies of carbon nanotube actuators
8.8. Conclusions and future developments
8.9. References.
Topic 3.3. Molecular EAP
Chapter 9. Molecular scale electroactive polymers / Michael J. Marsella
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Intrinsic properties and macroscale translation
9.3. Stimulus-induced conformational changes within the single molecule
9.4. Final comments
9.5. References.
Topic 4. Modeling electroactive polymers
Chapter 10. Computational chemistry / Kristopher E. Wise
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Overview of computational methods
10.3. Quantum mechanical methods
10.4. Classical force field simulations
10.5. Mesoscale simulations
10.6. References
Chapter 11. Modeling and analysis of chemistry and electromechanics / Thomas Wallmersperger, Bernd Kröplin, and Rainer W. Gülch
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Chemical stimulation
11.3. Electrical stimulation
11.4. Conclusion
11.5. References
Chapter 12. Electromechanical models for optimal design and effective behavior of electroactive polymers / Kaushik Bhattacharya, Jiangyu Li, and Yu Xiao
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Introduction to finite elasticity
12.3. Optimal design of electrostatic actuators
12.4. Models of ionomer actuators
12.5. Reduced models
12.6. Conclusion
12.7. Acknowledgment
12.8. References
Chapter 13. Modeling IPMC for design of actuation mechanisms / Satoshi Tadokoro, Masashi Konyo, and Keisuke Oguro
13.1. Models and CAE tools for design of IPMC mechanisms
13.2. A physicochemical model considering six phenomena
13.3. Gray-box macroscopic model for mechanical and control design
13.4. Simulation demonstration by models
13.5. Applications of the model
13.6. References.
Topic 5. Processing and fabrication of EAPs
Chapter 14. Processing and fabrication techniques / Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Virginia Olazábal, José-María Sansiñena, and Jeffrey Hinkley
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Synthesis and material processing
14.3. Fabrication and shaping techniques
14.4. Electroding techniques
14.5. System integration methods
14.6. EAP actuators
14.7. Concluding remarks
14.8. References.
Topic 6. Testing and characterization
Chapter 15. Methods of testing and characterization / Stewart Sherrit, Xiaoqi Bao, and Yoseph Bar-Cohen
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Characterization of EAP with polarization-dependent strains
15.3. Characterization of ionic EAP with diffusion-dependent strain
15.4. Summary of test methods
15.5. Conclusion
15.6. Acknowledgments
15.7. References.
Topic 7. EAP actuators, devices, and mechanisms
Chapter 16. Application of dielectric elastomer EAP actuators / Roy Kornbluh, Ron Pelrine, Qibing Pei, Marcus Rosenthal, Scott Stanford, Neville Bonwit, Richard Heydt, Harsha Prahlad, and Subramanian V. Shastri
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Dielectric elastomer EAP, background and basics
16.3. Actuator design issues
16.4. Operational considerations
16.5. Examples of dielectric elastomer EAP actuators and applications
16.6. Artificial muscles and applications to biologically inspired devices
16.7. General purpose linear actuators
16.8. Planar and other actuator configurations
16.9. Motors
16.10. Generators
16.11. Sensors
16.12. Summary and future developments
16.13. Acknowledgments
16.14. References.
Chapter 17. Biologically inspired robots / Brett Kennedy, Chris Melhuish, and Andrew Adamatzky
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Biologically inspired mechanisms and robots
17.3. Aspects of robotic design
17.4. Active polymer actuators in a traditional robotic system
17.5. Using rapid prototyping methods for integrated design
17.6. Evolutionary design algorithms (genetic algorithm design)
17.7. EAP actuators in highly integrated microrobot design
17.8. Solving the power problem toward energetic autonomy
17.9. The future of active polymer actuators and robots
17.10. References.
Chapter 18. Applications of EAP to the entertainment industry / David Hanson
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Entertainment and its shifting significance
18.3. Technical background to entertainment application of EAP
18.4. The craft of aesthetic biomimesis in entertainment
18.5. A recipe for using EAP in entertainment
18.6. Facial expression robot-practical test bed for EAP
18.7. Conclusion
18.8. Acknowledgment
18.9. References.
Chapter 19. Haptic interfaces using electrorheological fluids / Constantinos Mavroidis, Yoseph Bar-Cohen, and Mourad Bouzit
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Electrorheological fluids
19.3. Haptic interfaces and electrorheological fluids
19.4. MEMICA haptic glove
19.5. ECS element model derivation
19.6. Parametric analysis of the design of ECS elements
19.7. Experimental ECS system and results
19.8. Conclusions
19.9. Acknowledgments
19.10. References.
Chapter 20. Shape control of precision gossamer apertures / Christopher H.M. Jenkins
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Shape control of PGAs
20.3. Shape control methodologies involving electroactive polymers
20.4. Conclusions
20.5. Nomenclature
20.6. Acknowledgments
20.7. References.
Topic 8. Lessons learned, applications, and outlook
Chapter 21. EAP applications, potential, and challenges / Yoseph Bar-Cohen
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Lesson learned using IPMC and dielectric EAP
21.3. Summary of existing EAP materials
21.4. Scalability issues and needs
21.5. Expected and evolving applications
21.6. EAP characterization
21.7. Platforms for demonstration of EAP
21.8. Future expectations
21.9. Acknowledgments
21.10. References
Index.

Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators as artificial muscles : reality, potential, and challenges /

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