Cargando…
Finite element analysis for design engineers /
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been widely implemented by the automotive industry as a productivity tool for design engineers to reduce both development time and cost. This essential work serves as a guide for FEA as a design tool and addresses the specific needs of design engineers to improve pr...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Warrendale, PA :
SAE International,
©2004.
|
| Colección: | Knovel Library.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- ContentsPreface xixC H A P T E R 1Introduction 11.1. What Is Finite Element Analysis? 11.2. What Is the Place of FEA among Other Tools ofComputer-Aided Engineering? 21.3. Fields of Application of FEA and Mechanism Analysis 21.4. Fields of Application of FEA and CFD 41.5. What Is "FEA for Design Engineers"? 41.6. Note on Hands-On Exercises 5C H A P T E R 2From CAD Model to Results of FEA 72.1. Formulation of the Mathematical Model 72.2. Selecting the Numerical Method to Solve theMathematical Model 102.2.1. Selected Numerical Methods in CAE 102.2.2. Reasons for the Dominance of FEM 102.3. FEA Model 112.3.1. Meshing 112.3.2. Formulation of FE Equations 122.3.3. Errors in FEA Results 132.4. Verification and Validation of FEA Results 14C H A P T E R 3Fundamental Concepts of FEA 173.1. Formulation of a Finite Element 173.1.1. Closer Look at Finite Element 173.1.2. Requirements to be Satisfied by Displacement InterpolationFunction 203.1.3. Artificial Restraints 203.2. Choices of Discretization 223.3. Types of Finite Elements 233.3.1. Element Dimensionality 233.3.2. Element Shape 283.3.3. Element Order and Element Type 293.3.4. Summary of Commonly Used Elements 303.3.5. Element Modeling Capabilities 31C H A P T E R 4Controlling Discretization Errors 334.1. Presenting Stress Results 344.2. Types of Convergence Analysis 364.2.1. h Convergence by Global Mesh Refinement 364.2.2. h Convergence by Local Mesh Refinement 404.2.3. Adaptive h Convergence 424.2.4. p Convergence Process 444.2.5. Choice of Convergence Process 464.3. Discretization Error 464.3.1. Convergence Error 474.3.2. Solution Error 474.4. Problems with Convergence 484.4.1. Stress Singularity 484.4.2. Displacement Singularity 544.5. Hands-On Exercises 584.5.1. HOLLOW PLATE 58Description 58Objective 58Procedure 594.5.2. L BRACKET01 60Description 60Objective 60Procedure 60Contents ix4.5.3. WEDGE 61Description 61Objective 61Procedure 61C H A P T E R 5Finite Element Mesh 655.1. Meshing Techniques 655.1.1. Manual Meshing 655.1.2. Semi-automatic Meshing 665.1.3. Automatic Meshing 675.2. Mesh Compatibility 695.2.1. Compatible Elements 705.2.2. Incompatible Elements 705.2.3. Forced Compatibility 715.3. Common Meshing Problems 735.3.1. Element Distortion 735.3.2. Mesh Adequacy 755.3.3. Element Mapping to Geometry 765.3.4. Incorrect Conversion to Shell Model 785.4. Hands-On Exercises 795.4.1. BRACKET01 79Description 79Objective 79Procedure 795.4.2. CANTILEVER 80Description 80Objective 80Procedure 80C H A P T E R 6Modeling Process 836.1. Modeling Steps 846.1.1. Definition of the Objective of Analysis 846.1.2. Selection of the Units of Measurement 846.1.3. Geometry Preparation 856.1.4. Defining Material Properties 856.1.5. Defining Boundary Conditions 86Contentsx6.2. Selected Modeling Techniques 876.2.1. Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions 876.2.2. Axial Symmetry 926.2.3. Cyclic Symmetry 926.2.4. Realignment of Degrees of Freedom 946.2.5. Using Point Restraints to Eliminate Rigid Body Motions 956.3. Hands-On Exercises 966.3.1. BRACKET02--Mirror Symmetry BC 96Description 96Objective 96Procedure 966.3.2. BRACKET02--Anti-symmetry BC 97Description 97Objective 97Procedure 976.3.3. BRACKET02--Mirror Symmetry and Anti-symmetry BC 98Description 98Objective 98Procedure 986.3.4. SHAFT01 99Description 99Objective 99Procedure 996.3.5. PRESSURE TANK 100Description 100Objective 100Procedure 1006.3.6. RING 101Description 101Objective 101Procedure 1016.3.7. LINK01 102Description 102Objective 102Procedure 103C H A P T E R 7Nonlinear Geometry Analysis 1057.1. Classification of Different Types of Nonlinearities 1057.2. Geometric Nonlinearity 106Contents xi7.3. Membrane Stress Stiffening 1127.4. Contact 1177.5. Hands-On Exercises 1227.5.1. CANTILEVER BEAM 122Description 122Objective 123Procedure 1237.5.2. SHAFT02 123Description 123Objective 123Procedure 1237.5.3. ROUND PLATE01 123Description 123Objective 124Procedure 1247.5.4. LINK02 124Description 124Objective 124Procedure 1247.5.5. SLIDING SUPPORT 125Description 125Objective 125Procedure 1257.5.6. CLAMP01 125Description 125Objective 125Procedure 1257.5.7. CLAMP02 126Description 126Objective 126Procedure 126C H A P T E R 8Nonlinear Material Analysis 1298.1. Review of Nonlinear Material Models 1298.2. Use of Nonlinear Material to Control Stress Singularity 1328.3. Other Types of Nonlinearities 1348.4. Hands-On Exercises 1348.4.1. BRACKET NL 134Objective 135ContentsxiiProcedure 1358.4.2. L BRACKET02 135Description 135Objective 135Procedure 135C H A P T E R 9Modal Analysis 1399.1. Differences between Modal andStatic Analysis 1399.2. Interpretation of Displacement and Stress Results inModal Analysis 1409.3. Modal Analysis with Rigid Body Motions 1419.4. Importance of Supports in Modal Analysis 1439.5. Applications of Modal Analysis 1449.5.1. Finding Modal Frequencies and Associated Shapes of Vibration 1449.5.2. Locating "Weak Spots" in Structure 1459.5.3. Modal Analysis Provides Input to Vibration Analysis 1469.6. Pre-stress Modal Analysis 1469.7. Symmetry and Anti-symmetry Boundary Conditions inModal Analysis 1489.8. Convergence of Modal Frequencies 1499.9. Meshing Consideration for Modal Analysis 1509.10. Hands-On Exercises 1509.10.1. TUNING FORK 150Description 150Objective 150Procedure 150Comments 1509.10.2. BOX 151Description 151Objective 151Procedure 151Comments 1519.10.3. AIRPLANE 151Description 151Objective 151Procedure 151Comments 152Contents xiii9.10.4. BALL 152Description 152Objective 152Procedure 152Comments 1529.10.5. LINK03 152Description 152Objective 152Procedure 152Comments 1539.10.6. HELICOPTER BLADE 153Description 153Objective 153Procedure 153Comments 1539.10.7. COLUMN 154Description 154Objective 154Procedure 154Comments 1559.10.8. BRACKET03 155Description 155Objective 155Procedure 155Comments 156C H A P T E R 1 0Buckling Analysis 15910.1. Linear Buckling Analysis 16010.2. Convergence of Results in Linear Buckling Analysis 16310.3. Nonlinear Buckling Analysis 16310.4. Controlling an Onset of Buckling in Nonlinear BucklingAnalysis 17410.5. Summary 17510.6. Hands-On Exercises 17610.6.1. NOTCHED COLUMN - Free End 176Description 176Objective 176Procedure 176Comments 177Contentsxiv10.6.2. NOTCHED COLUMN - Sliding End 177Procedure 17710.6.3. ROUND PLATE02 177Description 177Objective 177Procedure 177Comments 17810.6.4. CURVED COLUMN 178Objective 17810.6.5. STAND 178Description 178Objective 178Procedure 178Comments 17910.6.6. CURVED SHEET 179Description 179Objective 179Procedure 179C H A P T E R 1 1Vibration Analysis 18111.1. Modal Superposition Method 18111.2. Time Response Analysis 18311.3. Frequency Response Analysis 18611.4. Nonlinear Vibration Analysis 19011.5. Hands-On Exercises 19211.5.1. HAMMER - Impulse Load 192Description 192Objective 192Procedure 192Comments 19311.5.2. HAMMER - Beating 193Description 193Objective 193Procedure 193Comments 19411.5.3. ELBOW PIPE 194Description 194Objective 194Procedure 194Comments 194Contents xv11.5.4. CENTRIFUGE 194Description 194Objective 195Procedure 195Comments 19511.5.5. PLANK 195Description 195Objective 195Procedure 195Comments 196C H A P T E R 1 2Thermal Analysis 19912.1. Heat Flow by Conduction 20012.2. Heat Flow by Convection 20112.3. Heat Transfer by Radiation 20312.4. Modeling Considerations in Thermal Analysis 20412.5. Challenges in Thermal Analysis 20612.6. Hands-On Exercises 20712.6.1. BRACKET04 207Description 207Objective 207Procedure 207Comments 20712.6.2. HEAT SINK 207Description 207Objective 207Procedure 207Comments 20812.6.3. CHANNEL 208Description 208Objective 208Procedure 208Comments 20812.6.4. SPACE HEATER 209Description 209Objective 209Procedure 209Comments 209ContentsxviC H A P T E R 1 3Implementation of Finite Element Analysis inthe Design Process 21113.1. Differences between CAD and FEA Geometry 21113.1.1. Defeaturing 21213.1.2. Idealization 21313.1.3. Cleanup 21413.2. Common Meshing Problems 21613.3. Mesh Adequacy 21813.4. Integration of CAD and FEA Programs 21913.4.1. Stand-Alone FEA Programs 21913.4.2. FEA Programs Integrated with CAD 21913.4.3. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Programs 21913.5. FEA Implementation 22013.5.1. Positioning of CAD and FEA Activities 22013.5.2. Personnel Training 22113.5.3. FEA Program Selection 22313.5.4. Hardware Selection 22513.5.5. Building Confidence in FEA 22513.5.6. Return on Investment 22613.6. FEA Project 22613.6.1. Before FEA Project Starts 22713.6.2. Establish the Scope of Analysis 22713.6.3.
- Create the Mathematical Model 22713.6.4. Create the Finite Element Model and Solve It 22813.6.5. Review the Results 22813.6.6. Presentation of the Results 22913.6.7. FEA Report 23013.6.8. Project Documentation and Backups 23113.6.9. Contracting Out FEA Services 23113.6.10. Common Errors in Management of FEA Projects 232C H A P T E R 1 4Summary 23514.1. FEA Quiz 23514.2. Frequently Asked Questions 238Contents xviiC H A P T E R 1 5FEA Resources 249C H A P T E R 1 6Glossary 253C H A P T E R 1 7List of Exercises 259Index 261About the Author 265.