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Automotive safety handbook /
Examining the state-of-the-art in passenger car vehicle safety, the book features thorough discussion of the interrelationships among the occupant, the vehicle, and the restraint system (in frontal, lateral, and rear impacts and rollover).
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Warrendale, Pa. :
SAE International,
©2007.
|
| Edición: | 2nd ed. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Machine derived contents note: Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction 1
- 1.1 Reference 1
- 2. De?nitions 3
- 2.1 References 6
- 3. Driving Forces for Increased Vehicle Safety 7
- 3.1 References 9
- 4. Safety Legislation 11
- 4.1 Reference 16
- 5. Accident Data 17
- 5.1 References 23
- 6. Accident Avoidance 25
- 6.1 Human Factors 25
- 6.2 Comfort and Ergonomics 29
- 6.3 Acceleration and Braking 43
- 6.3.1 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) 47
- 6.3.2 Brakes 48
- 6.3.3 Brake-by-Wire 52
- 6.3.4 Vehicle Dynamics 56
- 6.4 Information Systems 63
- 6.5 References 66
- 7. Biomechanics and Occupant Simulation 71
- 7.1 De? nition 71
- 7.2 Injury Tolerance Limits 73
- 7.3 External Injuries 74
- 7.4 Internal Injuries 76
- 7.4.1 Concussion 76
- 7.4.2 Spinal Injuries 79
- 7.4.3 Chest Injuries 80
- 7.5 Criteria in the Rule-Making Process 82
- 7.5.1 Head Protection 82
- 7.5.2 Chest Protection 83
- 7.5.3 Neck Injury 84
- 7.5.4 Performance Criteria for the Rule-Making Process 86
- 7.5.4.1 Chest 86
- 7.5.4.2 Pelvic 87
- 7.5.4.3 Leg and Knee 87
- 7.5.4.4 Pedestrian Protection 89
- 7.6 Test Devices 89
- 7.6.1 Body Part Test Devices 91
- 7.6.1.1 Head Impact 91
- 7.6.1.2 Torso Impact 91
- 7.6.1.3 Pedestrian Accident Simulation Tests 94
- 7.6.2 Three-Dimensional Dummies 94
- 7.6.2.1 Frontal/Rear Collision and Rollover 97
- 7.6.2.2 Lateral Impact 97
- 7.6.2.3 Child Dummies 99
- 7.6.2.4 Rear Impact Dummy (Bio-RID) 100
- 7.6.2.5 Bio? delity Dummy 102
- 7.6.3 Human and Dummy Modeling 102
- 7.7 References 106
- 8. Vehicle Body 109
- 8.1 General 109
- 8.2 Low-Speed Impact 117
- 8.3 Vehicle Body Test Without the Simulation of Car Occupants
- 119
- 8.3.1 Quasi-Static Test Requirement 119
- 8.3.1.1 Seat and Seat-Belt Anchorage Point Tests 119
- 8.3.1.2 Roof Strength 121
- 8.3.1.3 Vehicle Side Structure 122
- 8.4 References 125
- 9. Dynamic Vehicle Simulation Tests 127
- 9.1 Frontal Collisions 127
- 9.1.1 Pole Test 132
- 9.1.2 Frontal Car-to-Car Crash 133
- 9.1.3 Design Requirements of Frontal Collisions 136
- 9.2 Lateral Collisions 138
- 9.3 Rear-End Collisions 145
- 9.4 Rollover 145
- 9.5 References 149
- 10. Occupant Protection 151
- 10.1 Vehicle Compartment 151
- 10.2 Restraint Systems 151
- 10.2.1 Seat Belts 152
- 10.2.2 Airbags 160
- 10.2.2.1 Airbags for Frontal Impacts 160
- 10.2.2.2 Side Protection by Airbags 169
- 10.2.2.3 Additional Airbag Applications 170
- 10.2.2.4 Sensors for Restraint Systems 172
- 10.3 Child Restraints 179
- 10.4 References 182
- 11. Interrelationships Among Occupant, Restraint System, and
- Vehicle in Accidents 187
- 11.1 Frontal Impacts 187
- 11.1.1 The Unrestrained Occupant 187
- 11.1.2 The Three-Point Belt 189
- 11.1.2.1 The Seat-Belt Clamping Device Above the Retractor
- 192
- 11.1.2.2 The Mechanical Pretensioner 192
- 11.1.2.3 The Pyrotechnic Pretensioner 192
- 11.1.2.4 The Seat-Belt Load Limiter 194
- 11.1.3 Passive Restraints 196
- 11.1.4 The Airbag System 198
- 11.1.5 Comparison of Test Results for Different Restraint
- Systems 200
- 11.2 Lateral Collisions 200
- 11.2.1 Theoretical Analysis for Lateral Collisions 202
- 11.2.2 Side Airbag Systems 206
- 11.2.2.1 Thorax Side Airbags 206
- 11.2.2.2 Side Head Protection Airbags 210
- 11.3 Rear-End Collisions 212
- 11.4 Rollover Protection 216
- 11.5 Special Requirements and Opportunities for
- Sensor Applications 218
- 11.6 General Literature 221
- 11.7 References 221
- 12. Pedestrian Protection 225
- 12.1 General 225
- 12.2 European NCAP-Test 231
- 12.3 Legislation Activities 231
- 12.4 Technical Solutions for Vehicles in Accidents 240
- 12.5 References 243
- 13. Compatibility 245
- 13.1 Theoretical Analysis 251
- 13.2 Research Analysis Proposals, Consumer Information,
- and Legal Requirements 256
- 13.3 Conclusions 262
- 13.4 References 263
- 14. Computer Support for the Development of Safety
- Components 267
- 14.1 The Basics 267
- 14.2 Description of the Numeric Tools 268
- 14.3 Calculation of Components 269
- 14.4 Total Vehicle Crash Computation 273
- 14.5 Occupant and Restraint System Simulation 275
- 14.6 Pedestrian Simulation Tests 278
- 14.7 Summary 278
- 14.8 References 278
- Index 281
- About the Authors xxx.