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Laser beam scintillation with applications /
Renewed interest in laser communication systems has sparked development of useful new analytic models. This book discusses optical scintillation and its impact on system performance in free-space optical communication and laser radar applications, with a detailed look at propagation phenomena and th...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Bellingham, Wash. :
SPIE,
2001.
|
| Colección: | SPIE monograph ;
PM99. |
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Part I. Scintillation models
- Chapter 1. Optical wave propagation in random media: background review
- Introduction
- Optical properties of the atmosphere
- Atmospheric structure with altitude
- Absorption and scattering
- Optical turbulence
- Power spectrum models
- Gaussian-beam wave model
- Transmitter and receiver beam parameters
- Wave propagation in random media: methods of analysis
- Rytov approximation
- Extended Huygens-Fresnel principle
- Mutual coherence function: weak fluctuations
- Spatial coherence radius
- Mean irradiance
- Angle-of-arrival and image dancing
- Beam wander
- Mutual coherence function: strong fluctuations
- Mean irradiance
- Spatial coherence radius
- Effective beam parameters
- Scintillation index and covariance function
- Scintillation index: weak fluctuations
- Scintillation index: strong fluctuations
- Covariance function: weak fluctuations
- Aperture averaging of scintillation: weak fluctuations
- Paraxial ABCD optical systems
- Generalized Huygens-Fresnel integral
- Gaussian lens
- Image plane
- Double-passage waves
- Gaussian mirror
- Mutual coherence function
- Covariance function and scintillation index
- References.
- Chapter 2. Modeling optical scintillation
- Introduction
- Background on scintillation
- Models for refractive index fluctuations
- Physical model for amplitude fluctuations
- The modulation process
- Modified Rytov theory
- Scintillation index model
- Spatial filter functions
- Inner-scale effects
- Outer-scale effects
- Distribution models for the irradiance
- Lognormal distribution
- K distribution
- Lognormal-Rician distribution
- Gamma-gamma distribution
- References
- Chapter 3. Theory of scintillation: plane wave model
- Introduction
- Zero inner scale model
- Effective Kolmogorov spectrum
- Nonzero inner scale model
- Effective atmospheric spectrum
- Outer-scale effects
- Covariance function of irradiance
- Zero inner scale model
- Nonzero inner scale model
- Temporal spectrum
- Zero inner scale model
- Nonzero inner scale model
- Gamma-gamma distribution
- Comparison with simulation data
- References.
- Chapter 4. Theory of scintillation: spherical wave model
- Introduction
- Zero inner scale model
- Effective Kolmogorov spectrum
- Nonzero inner scale model
- Effective atmospheric spectrum
- Outer-scale effects
- Comparison with experimental data
- Covariance function of irradiance
- Gamma-gamma distribution
- Comparison with simulation data
- References
- Chapter 5. Theory of scintillation: Gaussian-beam wave model
- Introduction
- Radial component
- Effective beam parameters
- Asymptotic theory for the longitudinal component
- Zero inner scale model
- Nonzero inner scale model
- Outer-scale effects
- Comparison with simulation data
- References
- Chapter 6. Aperture averaging
- Introduction
- ABCD matrix formulation
- Aperture averaging factor: plane wave
- Zero inner scale
- Nonzero inner scale
- Outer-scale effects
- Asymptotic analysis
- Aperture averaging factor: spherical wave
- Zero inner scale
- Nonzero inner scale
- Outer-scale effects
- Comparison with experimental data
- Asymptotic analysis
- Aperture averaging factor: Gaussian-beam wave
- Zero inner scale
- Nonzero inner scale
- Outer-scale effects
- Temporal spectrum of irradiance fluctuations
- References.
- Part II. Applications
- Chapter 7. Laser communication systems
- Introduction
- Direct detection optical receivers
- Threshold detection in the absence of atmospheric turbulence
- Frequency of fades and surges
- Threshold detection in the presence of atmospheric turbulence
- Coherent detection optical receivers
- Threshold detection in the absence of atmospheric turbulence
- Frequency of fades and surges
- Threshold detection in the presence of atmospheric turbulence
- Spatial diversity receivers
- Array receivers in direct detection
- Aperture averaging
- Linear combining methods for coherent detection
- EG array receivers in coherent detection
- Bit error-rate (BER) performance
- Direct detection binary baseband signaling
- Coherent detection digital signaling
- References
- Chapter 8. Fade statistics for lasercom systems
- Introduction
- Probability of fade models
- Expected number of fades
- Lognormal model
- Gamma model
- Gamma-gamma model
- Terrestrial lasercom link
- Probability of fade
- Mean fade time
- Uplink/downlink slant paths
- Atmospheric model for Cn2
- Spatial filter models
- Downlink from a satellite: plane wave model
- Scintillation index
- Covariance function
- Probability of fade
- Uplink to a satellite: spherical wave model
- Scintillation index
- Covariance function
- Probability of fade
- References.
- Chapter 9. Laser radar systems: scintillation of return waves
- Introduction
- Review of basic radar principles
- Range and Doppler-frequency shift
- Classification of targets
- Laser radar configuration
- Gaussian beam parameters
- Statistical characteristics of illumination beam
- Backscatter amplification effect
- Scintillation index
- Unresolved small target: spherical wave model
- Backscatter amplification effect
- Scintillation index: bistatic channel
- Scintillation index: monostatic channel
- Unresolved small target: Gaussian-beam wave model
- Backscatter amplification effect
- Scintillation index: bistatic channel
- Scintillation index: monostatic channel
- Finite diffuse surface: spherical wave model
- Backscatter amplification effect
- Scintillation index, part I
- Scintillation index, part II
- Threshold detection
- Direct detection
- Coherent detection
- Aperture averaging
- Experimental data for EG array receivers
- Data analysis for a single aperture: point target
- Data analysis for a single aperture: diffuse target
- Multiple apertures: diffuse target
- References.
- Chapter 10. Laser radar systems: imaging through
- Turbulence
- Introduction
- Review of linear shift-invariant systems
- Fourier transform analysis
- Coherent imaging systems
- Shift-invariance
- Impulse response and coherent transfer functions
- Incoherent imaging systems
- Targets
- Point spread function and modulation transfer function
- Target resolution
- Atmospheric effects
- Laser imaging radar
- Unresolved small target
- Total MTF of return wave
- Scintillation index of return wave
- Single pixel signal-to-noise ratio
- Finite rough target
- Propagation path characteristics
- Statistical model for target
- Total MTF of return wave
- Scintillation index of return wave
- Single pixel signal-to-noise ratio
- References
- Index.