Safety instrumented systems verification : practical probabilistic calculations /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Goble, William M.
Otros Autores: Cheddie, Harry
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina : ISA-The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society, ©2005.
Temas:
Industrial safety.
Occupational Health
Sécurité du travail.
occupational safety.
TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Industrial Health & Safety.
Industrial safety
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine derived contents note: Contents
  • ABOUT THE AUTHORS vii
  • PREFACE xv
  • Chapter 1 THE SAFETY LIFECYCLE 1
  • Introduction, 1
  • Functional Safety, 1
  • Functional Safety Standards, 2
  • Safety Lifecycle, 5
  • Analysis Phase, 8
  • Realization Phase, 9
  • Operation Phase, 11
  • Benefits of the Safety Lifecycle, 12
  • Safety Lifecycle Adoption, 13
  • Exercises, 14
  • References and Bibliography 16
  • Chapter 2 SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS 19
  • Safety Instrumented Systems, 19
  • BPCS versus SIS, 20
  • SIS Engineering Requirements, 22
  • Safety Instrumented Function, 23
  • Exercises, 25
  • References and Bibliography 26
  • Chapter 3 EQUIPMENT FAILURE 27
  • Failure, 27
  • The Well-Designed System, 29
  • Failure Rate, 30
  • x Contents
  • Time-Dependent Failure Rates, 30
  • Censored Data, 37
  • Confidence Factor, 38
  • Getting Failure Rate Data, 39
  • Exercises, 39
  • References and Bibliography 40
  • Chapter 4 BASIC RELIABILITY ENGINEERING 43
  • Measurements of Successful Operation
  • No Repair, 43
  • Useful Approximations, 49
  • Measurements of Successful Operation-Repairable Systems, 50
  • Periodic Restoration and Imperfect Testing, 56
  • Exercises, 57
  • References and Bibliography 59
  • Chapter 5 SYSTEM RELIABILITY ENGINEERING 61
  • Introduction, 61
  • System Model Building, 61
  • Reliability Block Diagrams, 62
  • Series System, 62
  • Parallel System, 63
  • Fault Trees, 65
  • Fault Tree Symbols, 67
  • Comparison of the Reliability Block Diagram and the Fault
  • Tree, 68
  • Fault Tree AND Gates, 69
  • Fault Tree OR Gates, 69
  • Approximation Techniques, 69
  • Common Mistake, 71
  • Markov Models, 74
  • Markov Solution Techniques, 75
  • Realistic Safety Instrumented System Modeling, 78
  • Exercises, 79
  • References and Bibliography 81
  • Chapter 6 EQUIPMENT FAILURE MODES 83
  • Introduction, 83
  • Equipment Failure Modes, 83
  • Fail-Safe, 85
  • Fail-Danger, 85
  • Annunciation, 86
  • No Effect, 86
  • Detected/Undetected, 86
  • SIF Modeling of Failure Modes, 86
  • Pfs/Pfd, 87
  • PFDavg, 87
  • Exercises, 88
  • Contents xi
  • Chapter 7 SIF VERIFICATION PROCESS 89
  • The Conceptual Design Process, 89
  • Equipment Selection, 91
  • Redundancy, 94
  • SIF Testing Techniques, 96
  • Probabilistic Calculation Tools, 112
  • Verification Reports, 112
  • Exercises, 114
  • References and Bibliography 115
  • Chapter 8 GETTING FAILURE RATE DATA 117
  • Introduction, 117
  • Industry Failure Databases, 118
  • Product Specific Failure Data, 121
  • A Comparison of Failure Rates, 122
  • Comprehensive Failure Data Sources, 122
  • The Future of Failure Data, 122
  • Exercises, 126
  • References and Bibliography 127
  • Chapter 9 SIS SENSORS 129
  • Instrument Selection, 129
  • Diagnostic Annunciation, 129
  • Probabilistic Modeling of Sensors, 131
  • Pressure, 135
  • Temperature, 137
  • Level, 138
  • Flow, 140
  • Gas/Flame Detectors, 141
  • Burner Flame Detectors, 142
  • Miscellaneous, 143
  • Exercises, 143
  • References and Bibliography 144
  • Chapter 10 LOGIC SOLVERS 145
  • Introduction, 145
  • Relays/Pneumatic Logic, 145
  • Solid State / Intrinsically Safe Solid State, 146
  • Programmable Logic Controllers, 146
  • Safety Programmable Logic Controllers, 147
  • Probabilistic Modeling of the PLC, 150
  • Exercises, 154
  • References and Bibliography 154
  • xii Contents
  • Chapter 11 SIS FINAL ELEMENTS 157
  • Final Elements, 157
  • The "Well Designed" Remote Actuated Valve, 158
  • Actuator Types, 159
  • Valve Failure Modes, 160
  • Valve Types, 162
  • Probabilistic Modeling, 165
  • Failure Rate Comparison, 166
  • Diagnostics and Annunciation, 166
  • Exercises, 171
  • References and Bibliography 171
  • Chapter 12 TYPICAL SIF SOLUTIONS 173
  • Introduction, 173
  • Typical SIL 2 Architecture, 180
  • Some Common Hardware Issues Relating to the Various
  • Solutions for SIL1, SIL2, and SIL3 Systems, 188
  • References and Bibliography 188
  • Chapter 13 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION FACILITIES 189
  • Introduction, 189
  • Overall System Description, 191
  • Individual Well Controls and Shutdowns, 191
  • High Line Pressure Safety Instrumented Function (SIF), 195
  • SIF PFDavg Calculation, 196
  • Alternative SIF Designs, 209
  • Exercises, 214
  • References and Bibliography 214
  • Chapter 14 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 215
  • Introduction, 215
  • Reactor, 215
  • Exercise, 228
  • References and Bibliography 228
  • Chapter 15 COMBINED BPCS / SIS DESIGNS 229
  • Introduction, 229
  • Analysis Tasks, 229
  • Alternative Designs, 231
  • Detailed Analysis of Combination BPCS and SIS Systems, 236
  • Exercises, 237
  • References and Bibliography 238
  • Appendix A STATISTICS 239
  • Contents xiii
  • Appendix B PROBABILITY 245
  • Appendix C FAULT TREES 257
  • Appendix D MARKOV MODELS 275
  • Appendix E FAILURE MODES EFFECTS AND DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS
  • (Fmeda) 303
  • Appendix F SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES 315
  • Appendix G MODELING THE REPAIR PROCESS 357
  • Appendix H ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 367
  • Index 379
  • xv.

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