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Encyclopedia of energy /

In recent years our usage and understanding of different types of energy has grown at a tremendous rate. The editor-in-chief, Cutler Cleveland, and his international team of associate editors have brought together approximately 400 authors to produce the Encyclopedia of Energy. This highly topical r...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Cleveland, Cutler J., Ayres, Robert U.
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier Academic Press, ©2004.
Temas:
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • v. 1. A-Ea
  • v. 2. Ec-Ge
  • v. 3. Gl-Ma
  • v. 4. Me-Pe
  • v. 5. Ph-S
  • v. 6. T-Z, index.
  • Contents by Subject Area
  • Basics of Energy
  • Batteries, Overview
  • Cogeneration
  • Combustion and Thermochemistry
  • Conservation of Energy, Overview
  • Conversion of Energy: People and Animals
  • Electrical Energy and Power
  • Electric Motors
  • Electromagnetism
  • Entropy
  • Flywheels
  • Forms and Measurement of Energy
  • Fuel Cells
  • Heat Transfer
  • Internal Combustion (Gasoline and Diesel) Engines
  • Magnetohydrodynamics
  • Mechanical Energy
  • Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
  • Rocket Engines
  • Storage of Energy, Overview
  • Sun, Energy from
  • Temperature and Its Measurement
  • Thermal Energy Storage
  • Thermodynamics, Laws of
  • Turbines, Gas
  • Turbines, Steam
  • Work, Power, and Energy.
  • Coal
  • Coal Industry, Energy Policy in
  • Coal Industry, History of
  • Coal Mine Reclamation and Remediation
  • Coal Mining in Appalachia, History of
  • Clean Coal Technology
  • Coal, Chemical and Physical Properties
  • Coal Conversion
  • Coal, Fuel and Non-Fuel Uses
  • Coal Mining, Design and Methods of
  • Coal Preparation
  • Coal Resources, Formation of
  • Coal Storage and Transportation
  • Markets for Coal
  • Peat Resources.
  • Conservation and End Use
  • Aircraft and Energy Use
  • Alternative Transportation Fuels: Contemporary Case Studies
  • Aquaculture and Energy Use
  • Batteries, Transportation Applications
  • Bicycling
  • Commercial Sector and Energy Use
  • Conservation Measures for Energy, History of
  • Conservation of Energy, Overview
  • Diet, Energy, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • Discount Rates and Energy Efficiency Gap
  • Distributed Energy, Overview
  • District Heating and Cooling
  • Economics of Energy Efficiency
  • Energy Efficiency, Taxonomic Overview
  • Fisheries and Energy Use
  • Food System, Energy Use in
  • Fuel Cell Vehicles
  • Fuel Cycle Analysis of Conventional and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • Hydrogen, End Uses and Economics
  • Industrial Ecology
  • Industrial Energy Efficiency
  • Industrial Energy Use, Status and Trends
  • Information Technology and Energy Use
  • Integration of Motor Vehicle and Distributed Energy Systems
  • Intelligent Transportation Systems
  • Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
  • International Comparisons of Energy End Use: Benefits and Risks
  • Lifestyles and Energy
  • Livestock Production and Energy Use
  • Lunar-Solar Power System
  • Magnetic Levitation
  • Marine Transportation and Energy Use
  • Obstacles to Energy Efficiency
  • Passenger Demand for Travel and Energy Use
  • Potential for Energy Efficiency: Developing Nations
  • Rebound Effect of Energy Conservation
  • Service and Commerce Sector, Energy Use in
  • Thermal Comfort
  • Transportation and Energy, Overview
  • Transportation Fuel Alternatives for Highway Vehicles
  • Ultralight Rail and Energy Use
  • Vehicles and Their Powerplants: Energy Use and Efficiency.
  • Economics of Energy
  • Aggregation of Energy
  • Business Cycles and Energy Prices
  • Corporate Environmental Strategy
  • Derivatives, Energy
  • Economic Geography of Energy
  • Economic Growth and Energy
  • Economic Growth, Liberalization, and the Environment
  • Economics of Energy Demand
  • Economics of Energy Efficiency
  • Economics of Energy Supply
  • Economic Thought, History of Energy in
  • Energy Futures and Options
  • Energy Services Industry
  • Entropy and the Economic Process
  • Evolutionary Economics and Energy
  • Exergoeconomics
  • External Costs of Energy
  • Hydrogen, End Uses and Economics
  • Hydropower Economics
  • Inflation and Energy Prices
  • Innovation and Energy Prices
  • Investment in Fossil Fuels Industries
  • Market Failures in Energy Markets
  • Markets for Biofuels
  • Markets for Coal
  • Markets for Natural Gas
  • Markets for Petroleum
  • Marx, Energy, and Social Metabolism
  • Nuclear Power Economics
  • Oil and Natural Gas: Economics of Exploration
  • Oil Price Volatility
  • OPEC Market Behavior, 1973-2003
  • Petroleum Property Valuation
  • Physics and Economics of Energy, Conceptual Overview
  • Prices of Energy, History of
  • Rebound Effect of Energy Conservation
  • Resource Curse and Investment in Energy Industries
  • Stock Markets and Energy Prices
  • Subsidies to Energy Industries
  • Taxation of Energy
  • Thermodynamics and Economics, Overview
  • Trade in Energy and Energy Services
  • Wind Energy Economics.
  • Electricity
  • Electrical Energy and Power
  • Electricity, Environmental Impacts of
  • Electricity Use, History of
  • Electric Motors
  • Electric Power: Critical Infrastructure Protection
  • Electric Power Generation: Fossil Fuel
  • Electric Power Generation: Valuation of Environmental Costs
  • Electric Power Measurements and Variables
  • Electric Power Reform: Social and Environmental Issues
  • Electric Power Systems Engineering
  • Electric Power: Traditional Monopoly Franchise Regulation and Rate Making
  • Electric Power: Transmission and Generation Reliability and Adequacy
  • Electromagnetic Fields, Health Impacts of
  • Electromagnetism
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles
  • Public Reaction to Electricity Transmission Lines.
  • Energy Flows
  • Conversion of Energy: People and Animals
  • Earth's Energy Balance
  • Ecosystem Health: Energy Indicators
  • Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview
  • Environmental Gradients and Energy
  • Food Capture, Energy Costs of
  • Heat Transfer
  • Heterotrophic Energy Flows
  • Human Energetics
  • Industrial Agriculture, Energy Flows in
  • Industrial Symbiosis
  • Lithosphere, Energy Flows in
  • Migration, Energy Costs of
  • Ocean, Energy Flows in
  • Origin of Life and Energy
  • Photosynthesis and Autotrophic Energy Flows
  • Reproduction, Energy Costs of
  • Sun, Energy from
  • Thermoregulation.
  • Environmental Issues
  • Acid Deposition and Energy Use
  • Air Pollution from Energy Production and Use
  • Air Pollution, Health Effects of
  • Aquaculture and Energy Use
  • Arid Environments, Impacts of Energy Development in
  • Biomass: Impact on Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
  • Carbon Capture and Storage from Fossil Fuel Use
  • Carbon Sequestration, Terrestrial
  • Clean Air Markets
  • Clean Coal Technology
  • Climate Change and Energy, Overview
  • Climate Change and Public Health: Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Climate Change: Impact on the Demand for Energy
  • Climate Protection and Energy Policy
  • Coal Mine Reclamation and Remediation
  • Consumption, Energy, and the Environment
  • Crude Oil Releases to the Environment: Natural Fate and Remediation Options
  • Crude Oil Spills, Environmental Impact of
  • Desalination and Energy Use
  • Economic Growth, Liberalization, and the Environment
  • Ecosystem Health: Energy Indicators
  • Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview
  • Electricity, Environmental Impacts of
  • Electric Power Generation: Valuation of Environmental Costs
  • Electric Power Reform: Social and Environmental Issues
  • Energy Efficiency and Climate Change
  • Entrainment and Impingement of Organisms in Power Plant Cooling
  • Environmental Change and Energy
  • Environmental Gradients and Energy
  • Environmental Injustices of Energy Facilities
  • Fisheries and Energy Use
  • Global Material Cycles and Energy
  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Alternative Scenarios of
  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Systems, Comparison and Overview
  • Gulf War, Environmental Impact of
  • Hazardous Waste from Fossil Fuels
  • Heat Islands and Energy
  • Hydropower, Environmental Impact of
  • Indoor Air Quality in Developing Nations
  • Indoor Air Quality in Industrial Nations
  • Land Requirements of Energy Systems
  • Nuclear Power Plants, Decommissioning of
  • Nuclear Waste
  • Photovoltaics, Environmental Impact of
  • Polar Regions, Impacts of Energy Development
  • Thermal Pollution
  • Uranium Mining: Environmental Impact
  • Wetlands: Impacts of Energy Development in the Mississippi Delta
  • Wind Energy Technology, Environmental Impacts of
  • World Environment Summits: The Role of Energy.
  • Global Issues
  • Climate Change and Energy, Overview
  • Cultural Evolution and Energy
  • Development and Energy, Overview
  • Economic Geography of Energy
  • Economic Growth and Energy
  • Geopolitics of Energy
  • Global Energy Use: Status and Trends
  • International Comparisons of Energy End Use: Benefits and Risks
  • International Energy Law and Policy
  • Nationalism and Oil
  • Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and Energy
  • Nuclear Proliferation and Diversion
  • Population Growth and Energy
  • Technology Innovation and Energy
  • United Nations Energy Agreements
  • Women and Energy: Issues in Developing Nations
  • World Environment Summits: The Role of Energy.
  • History and Energy
  • Coal Industry, History of
  • Coal Mining in Appalachia, History of
  • Conservation Measures for Energy, History of
  • Conservation of Energy Concept, History of
  • Early Industrial World, Energy Flow in
  • Economic Thought, History of Energy in
  • Ecosystems and Energy: History and Overview
  • Electricity Use, History of
  • Energy in the History and Philosophy of Science
  • Environmental Change and Energy
  • Fire: A Socioecological and Historical Survey
  • Geographic Thought, History of Energy in
  • Gulf War, Environmental Impact of
  • Hydrogen, History of
  • Hydropower, History and Technology of
  • Manufactured Gas, History of
  • Nationalism and Oil
  • Natural Gas, History of
  • Nuclear Power, History of
  • Oil Crises, Historical Perspective
  • Oil Industry, History of
  • OPEC, History of
  • OPEC Market Behavior, 1973-2003
  • Prices of Energy, History of
  • Sociopolitical Collapse, Energy and
  • Solar Energy, History of
  • Thermodynamic Sciences, History of
  • Transitions in Energy Use
  • War and Energy
  • Wind Energy, History of
  • Wood Energy, History of
  • World History and Energy.
  • Material Use and Reuse
  • Aluminum Production and Energy
  • Cement and Energy
  • Forest Products and Energy
  • Glass and Energy
  • Global Material Cycles and Energy
  • Industrial Energy Efficiency
  • Material Efficiency and Energy Use
  • Materials for Solar Energy
  • Material Use in Automobiles
  • Plastics Production and Energy
  • Recycling of Metals
  • Recycling of Paper
  • Reuse and Energy
  • Steel Production and Energy
  • Uranium and Thorium Resource Assessment.
  • Measurement and Models
  • Aggregation of Energy
  • Bottom-Up Energy Modeling
  • Computer Modeling of Renewable Power Systems
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis Applied to Energy
  • Decomposition Analysis Applied to Energy
  • Depletion and Valuation of Energy Resources
  • Ecological Risk Assessment Applied to Energy Development
  • Electric Power Generation: Valuation of Environmental Costs
  • Electric Power Measurements and Variables
  • Emergy Analysis and Environmental Accounting
  • Experience Curves for Energy Technologies
  • Forms and Measurement of Energy
  • Fuzzy Logic Modeling of Energy Systems
  • Green Accounting and Energy
  • Input-Output Analysis
  • Life Cycle Analysis of Power Generation Systems
  • Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Systems
  • Modeling Energy Markets and Climate Change Policy
  • Modeling Energy Supply and Demand: A Comparison of Approaches
  • Multicriteria Analysis of Energy
  • National Energy Modeling Systems
  • Net Energy Analysis: Concepts and Methods
  • Neural Network Modeling of Energy Systems
  • System Dynamics and the Energy Industry
  • Temperature and Its Measurement.
  • Nuclear Power
  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Nuclear Fission Reactors: Boiling Water and Pressurized Water Reactors
  • Nuclear Fuel: Design and Fabrication
  • Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
  • Nuclear Fusion Reactors
  • Nuclear Power Economics
  • Nuclear Power, History of
  • Nuclear Power Plants, Decommissioning of
  • Nuclear Power: Risk Analysis
  • Nuclear Proliferation and Diversion
  • Nuclear Waste
  • Occupational Health Risks in Nuclear Power
  • Public Reaction to Nuclear Power Siting and Disposal
  • Radiation, Risks and Health Impacts of
  • Uranium and Thorium Resource Assessment
  • Uranium Mining, Processing, and Enrichment.
  • Oil and Natural Gas
  • Crude Oil Spills, Environmental Impact of
  • Gas Hydrates
  • Markets for Natural Gas
  • Markets for Petroleum
  • Natural Gas, History of
  • Natural Gas Processing and Products
  • Natural Gas Resources, Global Distribution of
  • Natural Gas Resources, Unconventional
  • Natural Gas Transportation and Storage
  • Occupational Health Risks in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Extraction
  • Oil and Natural Gas Drilling
  • Oil and Natural Gas: Economics of Exploration
  • Oil and Natural Gas Exploration
  • Oil and Natural Gas Leasing
  • Oil and Natural Gas Liquids: Global Magnitude and Distribution
  • Oil and Natural Gas: Offshore Operations
  • Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Classifications and Terminology
  • Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Geological Methods
  • Oil and Natural Gas Resource Assessment: Production Growth Cycle Models
  • Oil Crises, Historical Perspective
  • Oil Industry, History of
  • Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences
  • Oil Pipelines
  • Oil Price Volatility
  • Oil Recovery
  • Oil Refining and Products
  • Oil Sands and Heavy Oil
  • Oil Shale
  • OPEC, History of
  • Petroleum Property Valuation
  • Petroleum System: Nature's Distribution System for Oil and Gas
  • Public Reaction to Offshore Oil
  • Remote Sensing for Energy Resources
  • Strategic Petroleum Reserves
  • Tanker Transportation.
  • Policy Issues
  • Carbon Taxes and Climate Change
  • City Planning and Energy Use
  • Clean Air Markets
  • Climate Protection and Energy Policy
  • Coal Industry, Energy Policy in
  • Corporate Environmental Strategy
  • Energy Development on Public Land in the United States
  • Equity and Distribution in Energy Policy
  • European Union Energy Policy
  • Fuel Economy Initiatives: International Comparisons
  • Geopolitics of Energy
  • Greenhouse Gas Abatement: Controversies in Cost Assessment
  • International Energy Law and Policy
  • Land Requirements of Energy Systems
  • Market-Based Instruments, Overview
  • National Energy Policy: Brazil
  • National Energy Policy: China
  • National Energy Policy: India
  • National Energy Policy: Japan
  • National Energy Policy: United States
  • National Security and Energy
  • Natural Gas Industry, Energy Policy in
  • Nuclear Proliferation and Diversion
  • Polar Regions, Impacts of Energy Development
  • Renewable Energy Policies and Barriers
  • Renewable Portfolio Standard
  • Research and Development Trends for Energy
  • Strategic Petroleum Reserves
  • Subsidies to Energy Industries
  • Taxation of Energy
  • Transportation and Energy Policy.
  • Public Issues
  • City Planning and Energy Use
  • Climate Change and Public Health: Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Consumption, Energy, and the Environment
  • Environmental Injustices of Energy Facilities
  • Hydropower Resettlement Projects, Socioeconomic Impacts of
  • Labels and Standards for Energy
  • Lifestyles and Energy
  • Media Portrayals of Energy
  • Motor Vehicle Use, Social Costs of
  • Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences
  • Passenger Demand for Travel and Energy Use
  • Philanthropy and Energy
  • Population Growth and Energy
  • Public Reaction to Electricity Transmission Lines
  • Public Reaction to Energy, Overview
  • Public Reaction to Nuclear Power Siting and Disposal
  • Public Reaction to Offshore Oil
  • Public Reaction to Renewable Energy Sources and Systems
  • Suburbanization and Energy
  • United Nations Energy Agreements
  • Urbanization and Energy.
  • Renewable and Alternative Sources
  • Alternative Transportation Fuels: Contemporary Case Studies
  • Biodiesel Fuels
  • Biomass, Chemicals from
  • Biomass Combustion
  • Biomass for Renewable Energy and Fuels
  • Biomass Gasification
  • Biomass Resource Assessment
  • Computer Modeling of Renewable Power Systems
  • Ethanol Fuel
  • Forest Products and Energy
  • Geothermal Direct Use
  • Geothermal Power Generation
  • Ground-Source Heat Pumps
  • Hybrid Energy Systems
  • Hydrogen, End Uses and Economics
  • Hydrogen Production
  • Hydrogen Storage and Transportation
  • Hydropower Economics
  • Hydropower Resources
  • Hydropower Technology
  • Lunar-Solar Power System
  • Materials for Solar Energy
  • Microtechnology, Energy Applications of
  • Ocean Thermal Energy
  • Photosynthesis, Artificial
  • Photovoltaic Conversion: Space Applications
  • Photovoltaic Energy: Stand-Alone and Grid-Connected Systems
  • Photovoltaic Materials, Physics of
  • Public Reaction to Renewable Energy Sources and Systems
  • Renewable Energy and the City
  • Renewable Energy in Europe
  • Renewable Energy Policies and Barriers
  • Renewable Energy in Southern Africa
  • Renewable Energy in the United States
  • Renewable Energy, Taxonomic Overview
  • Renewable Portfolio Standard
  • Solar Cells
  • Solar Cookers
  • Solar Cooling, Dehumidification, and Air-Conditioning
  • Solar Detoxification and Disinfection
  • Solar Distillation and Drying
  • Solar Energy, History of
  • Solar Fuels and Materials
  • Solar Heat Pumps
  • Solar Ponds
  • Solar Thermal Energy, Industrial Heat Applications
  • Solar Thermal Power Generation
  • Solar Water Desalination
  • Tidal Energy
  • Transportation Fuel Alternatives for Highway Vehicles
  • Waste-to-Energy Technology
  • Wave and Tidal Energy Conversion
  • Wind Energy Economics
  • Wind Energy, History of
  • Wind Farms
  • Wind Resource Base.
  • Risks
  • Air Pollution from Energy Production and Use
  • Air Pollution, Health Effects of
  • Climate Change and Public Health: Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Ecological Risk Assessment Applied to Energy Development
  • Electromagnetic Fields, Health Impacts of
  • Gasoline Additives and Public Health
  • Hazardous Waste from Fossil Fuels
  • Nuclear Power: Risk Analysis
  • Nuclear Proliferation and Diversion
  • Nuclear Waste
  • Occupational Health Risks in Crude Oil and Natural Gas Extraction
  • Occupational Health Risks in Nuclear Power
  • Radiation, Risks and Health Impacts of
  • Risk Analysis Applied to Energy Systems
  • Tanker Transportation.
  • Society and Energy
  • Cultural Evolution and Energy
  • Early Industrial World, Energy Flow in
  • Easter Island: Resource Depletion and Collapse
  • Electric Power Reform: Social and Environmental Issues
  • Goods and Services: Energy Costs
  • Hunting and Gathering Societies, Energy Flows in
  • Hydropower Resettlement Projects, Socioeconomic Impacts of
  • Industrial Agriculture, Energy Flows in
  • Leisure, Energy Costs of
  • Lifestyles and Energy
  • Motor Vehicle Use, Social Costs of
  • Population Growth and Energy
  • Renewable Energy and the City
  • Sociopolitical Collapse, Energy and
  • Suburbanization and Energy
  • Urbanization and Energy
  • War and Energy.
  • Sustainable Development
  • Development and Energy, Overview
  • Ecological Risk Assessment Applied to Energy Development
  • Economic Growth and Energy
  • Economic Growth, Liberalization, and the Environment
  • Energy Ladder in Developing Nations
  • Environmental Kuznets Curve
  • Indoor Air Quality in Developing Nations
  • Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences
  • Potential for Energy Efficiency: Developing Nations
  • Rural Energy in China
  • Rural Energy in India
  • Sustainable Development: Basic Concepts and Application to Energy
  • United Nations Energy Agreements
  • Women and Energy: Issues in Developing Nations
  • Wood in Household Energy Use.
  • Systems of Energy
  • Aggregation of Energy
  • Complex Systems and Energy
  • Ecological Footprints and Energy
  • Economic Systems and Energy, Conceptual Overview
  • Emergy Analysis and Environmental Accounting
  • Entropy and the Economic Process
  • Exergoeconomics
  • Exergy
  • Exergy Analysis of Energy Systems
  • Exergy Analysis of Waste Emissions
  • Exergy: Reference States and Balance Conditions
  • Fuzzy Logic Modeling of Energy Systems
  • Information Theory and Energy
  • Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Systems
  • National Energy Modeling Systems
  • Neural Network Modeling of Energy Systems
  • Physics and Economics of Energy, Conceptual Overview
  • Risk Analysis Applied to Energy Systems
  • System Dynamics and the Energy Industry
  • Thermodynamics and Economics, Overview.