Democratic engineering in Rwanda and Burundi

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Kagabo, Jean-Marie (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Kampala : Fountain Publishers, 2018.
Temas:
Democracy > Rwanda > History.
Democracy > Burundi > History.
plural society.
cultural pluralism.
ethnic relations.
democracy.
Tutsi.
Hutu.
Rwanda.
Burundi.
Democracy
Politics and government
Social conditions
Rwanda > Politics and government.
Burundi > Politics and government.
Rwanda > Social conditions.
Burundi > Social conditions.
Burundi > Politique et gouvernement.
Rwanda > Politique et gouvernement.
Burundi
Rwanda
History
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • Acronyms
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgement
  • Introduction
  • PART I. Democracy, Multiculturalism and Multi-ethnicity in Africa
  • CHAPTER 1
  • Exploring the Idea of a Multicultural Society
  • Clarification of concepts
  • Self-determination
  • Cultural differences
  • The representation process
  • Minority rights in Western political traditions
  • The liberal tradition
  • The socialist tradition
  • Liberal defence of minorities
  • Cultural affiliation as a condition for freedom
  • Group equality as a condition for equality of citizens
  • Group representation as a condition for political equality
  • CHAPTER 2
  • Multi-ethnicity and Democracy in Africa
  • Slow pace of democracy in Africa
  • Right to Err
  • Neo-patrimonial inertia in African transitional regimes
  • Ethnicity as a basis for democratic pluralism
  • The price of ignoring the ethnic factor
  • Perspectives of ethnicity in Africa
  • The instrumentalist school: Exclusion of ethnicity from politics
  • The Primordialist School: Recognition of ethnic loyalty
  • Pragmatic arrangements and institutional engineering
  • Decentralisation and federalisation
  • Power alternation
  • Chambers of representatives
  • Creating positions of co-vice president
  • Limited terms of office
  • Demarcating electoral constituencies
  • Election rules and strategies
  • Election sequence
  • CHAPTER 3
  • Consociational Democracy and the Multi-cultural Challenge
  • Two Democratic Models: Majoritarian and Consociational
  • The normative character of the consociational model
  • Elements of consociational democracy
  • The grand coalition
  • Segmental autonomy
  • Proportionality
  • Mutual veto
  • Conditions for consociational democracy
  • Balance of power
  • Size of the country
  • Cross-cutting divisions and transcendent loyalties
  • Segmental isolation.
  • A tradition of consensus and compromise
  • Is the consociational model efficient?
  • The consociational model and the quality of democracy
  • Some criticisms
  • Performance
  • The consociational model and governmental efficiency
  • Some criticisms
  • Some performance records
  • Consociational engineering
  • CHAPTER 4
  • Majoritarian Preferential Voting and the Multi-cultural Challenge
  • Major electoral systems
  • Functioning of preferential/alternative voting
  • Example of an election day under the preferential voting system
  • Merits of preferential voting
  • Shortcomings of alternative voting
  • PART II. The Hutu-Tutsi Conflict in Rwanda and Burundi
  • CHAPTER 5
  • The Pre-colonial Period
  • The hypothesis of successive migratory waves
  • Background
  • Support for the migration wave theory
  • Gaps in the migration hypothesis
  • The social class hypothesis
  • Background
  • Support for the social class hypothesis
  • Gaps in the social class hypothesis
  • The Baganwa
  • The Banyamabanga
  • Administrative and technical managers
  • The Banyagihugu
  • Conclusions from Hutu-Tutsi-Twa relationships during the pre-colonial period
  • A debate not easily settled
  • The concept of race
  • The concept of caste
  • The concept of social class
  • The concept of social category
  • The concept of ethnic group or tribe
  • The socio-political situation in Rwanda and Burundi on the eve of colonisation
  • The social situation of the Hutu and the Tutsi before colonisation
  • Political, administrative and military power in the hands of officials of Tutsi origin
  • The situation in Burundi
  • The situation in Rwanda
  • Nuances
  • Comparing the burden of taxation for the Tutsi and the Hutu
  • Nuances
  • Relations between the Hutu and Tutsi in pre-colonial times
  • The Twa
  • CHAPTER 6
  • The Colonial Period
  • The German Period
  • Colonial administrators.
  • Catholic missionaries and ethnicity during German colonisation
  • Local elites and ethnicity under German colonisation
  • The Belgian mandate and trusteeship
  • The Catholic Church and ethnicity under the Belgian mandate
  • Colonial administration and ethnicity
  • Local elites' ethnicity under the Belgian mandate
  • CHAPTER 7
  • Preparing for Independence
  • Chronology of events from 1952 to 1956
  • Chronology of political events in Rwanda 1956-1962
  • Chronology of political events in Burundi 1956-1962
  • The Catholic Church and Hutu-Tutsi ethnic divisions
  • The Belgian colonial administration and the ethnicity issue on the eve of independence
  • The United Nations Organisation (UNO) and the issue of ethnicity
  • Rwanda's political elites and ethnicity on the eve of independence
  • Moderate positions among the Hutu elites in Rwanda at independence
  • Hutu elite extremism in Rwanda on the eve of independence
  • Moderate Tutsi elites in Rwanda on the eve of independence
  • Tutsi elite extremism in Rwanda on the eve of independence
  • Burundi political elites and ethnicity on the eve of independence
  • CHAPTER 8
  • The Post-colonial Period
  • Post-colonial Rwanda
  • The First Republic (1962-1973)
  • Hutu elites in Rwanda under the First Republic
  • Tutsi elites in Rwanda under the First Republic
  • The Second Republic (1973-1990)
  • Hutu elites in Rwanda under the Second Republic
  • Tutsi elites in Rwanda under the Second Republic
  • Civil war and genocide against Tutsi (1990-94)
  • Hutu elites in Rwanda during the civil war and the genocide against Tutsi
  • Tutsi elites in Rwanda during the civil war and the genocide against Tutsi
  • The post-genocide period (1994-2003)
  • Hutu elites in Rwanda during the post-genocide transition
  • Tutsi elites in Rwanda during the post-genocide transition
  • A brief history of post-colonial Burundi.
  • The constitutional monarchy (1962-66)
  • Tutsi elites in Burundi under the constitutional monarchy
  • Hutu elites in Burundi under the constitutional monarchy
  • Military regimes (1966-1993)
  • Tutsi elite in Burundi under the military regimes
  • Hutu elite in Burundi under the military regimes
  • Failure of the democratisation process and civil war (1993-2005)
  • Tutsi elites in Burundi during the democratisation process and the civil war
  • Hutu elites in Burundi during the democratisation process and the civil war
  • Relations between Hutu and Tutsi elites: Comparison between Rwanda and Burundi
  • PART III. Defusing the Ethnic Trap in Rwanda and Burundi
  • CHAPTER 9
  • Constitutional Engineering in Rwanda and Burundi
  • Pre-conditions for a consociational democracy in Rwanda and Burundi
  • Rwanda and Burundi as divided societies
  • Clear identification of the social segments
  • Exact population figures for Tutsi, Hutu and Twa
  • Replication of segmental divides
  • Ethnic segment-based electoral support
  • Meeting pre-conditions for the consociational model
  • Absence of a majority segment
  • Condition not fulfilled in Rwanda and Burundi
  • Segments of the same size
  • Condition not fulfilled
  • Relatively few segments
  • Condition not fulfilled
  • A relatively small population
  • Condition fulfilled
  • External threats
  • Condition not fulfilled today
  • Loyalty to the nation
  • Condition fulfilled
  • Absence of economic inequalities between the segments
  • Condition fulfilled
  • Geographical concentration of the segments
  • Condition not fulfilled
  • Tradition of conflict settlement by consensus
  • Condition not fulfilled
  • Conclusion on pre-conditions for consociational democracy
  • Pre-conditions for alternative voting in Rwanda and Burundi
  • Hierarchical and non-hierarchical ethnic groups
  • Meeting pre-conditions for "vote pooling".
  • Relevance of ethnic-based power-sharing
  • Arguments for ethnic-based power-sharing
  • Political versus ethnic majority
  • Genocide against Tutsi as a defining moment
  • Divergences in reading and interpreting history
  • Addressing mistrust and revenge
  • Why ethnicity cannot be ignored
  • The challenge of creating multi-ethnic parties
  • Democracy and economic development
  • Power-sharing in the transitional phase
  • Arguments against ethnic-based power-sharing
  • Perpetuation of ethnocentrism
  • Ethnic antagonisms
  • Legal proof of ethnic identity
  • Opening the Pandora box
  • Relevance of political parties in ethnic-based power-sharing
  • Background to political engineering in Rwanda and Burundi
  • Burundi: Negotiations undertaken by all political parties and movements
  • Tutsi political elites
  • Hutu political elites
  • The international community
  • Tanzanian and South African mediation
  • Participants in the negotiations
  • Rwanda: Democratic engineering by a constitutional commission
  • CHAPTER 10
  • Burundi's Democratic Options
  • Burundi's political system in light of presidential, parliamentary and directorial regimes
  • Overview of the parliamentary, presidential and directorial systems
  • Background to Burundian institutions
  • The executive
  • The Presidency
  • Presidential prerogatives and relations with other institutions
  • Government
  • Legislative power
  • The lower house (national assembly)
  • The upper house (senate)
  • Structure of Burundi parliament
  • Assessment of Burundi political engineering
  • Comparison with the directorial democracy
  • Comparison with the parliamentary regime
  • Comparison with the presidential regime
  • Comparison with the semi-presidential regime
  • Burundi's transition led to a presidentialist regime.

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