Cargando…
Energy from alcohol : the Brazilian experience /
Both strategic and economic considerations make desirable the development of alternatives to petroleum as a source of energy and chemicals. Alcohol is one such alternative, and the experience of Brazil, a world leader in its production, provides a unique contribution to industrial policy for other n...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Lexington, Ky. :
University Press of Kentucky,
[1983]
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Authors' Note; Acknowledgements; Introduction; 1 Towards the Ethanol Economy; 1.1 The Vulnerability of the Petroleum Economy; 1.2 The Bio technological Alternative; 1.3 Brazil and the Ethanol Economy; 1.4 Ethanol Properties and Production (Kirk and Othmer, 1980); 1.5 Why Brazil?; References; 2 Power Alcohol in Brazil; 2.1 Historical; 2.2 Criteria for Alcohol Production; 2.3 The Biomass Alternative; 2.4 The Energy Crops; 2.5 Energy Crops in Brazil; References; 3 The National Alcohol Programme (PNA) and its Energy Objectives.
- 3.1 Energy Goals (Gochnarg, 1979)3.2 The National Energy Balance; 3.3 Institutions linked to the National Alcohol Programme (PNA) (Maura Leitao, 1979; Petrobras, 1980); References; 4 The Ethanol Chemical Industry; 4.1 The Ethanol Alternative; 4.2 Origins of the Ethanol Based Chemical Industry in Brazil (Ribeiro Filho, 1979); 4.3 Chemical Production (Souza Antunes, 1979; Chemical Engineering News, 1979); 4.4 Ethanol Chemical Production; 4.5 Chemical Prices (European Chemical News, 1979); 4.6 Process Technology (European Chemical News, 1979; Chemical Engineering, 1980).
- 4.7 Areas of Potential Technical Improvement4.8 Main Ethanol-chemical Processes Used in Brazil (Ribeiro Filho, 1979); 4.9 Methanol; 4.10 Conclusions; References; 5 Ethanol as Fuel; 5.1 Historical Background (Maura Leitao, 1979); 5.2 Technical Data (Bemhardt, 1980a, b); 5.3 The Brazilian Scene; 5.4 Probable Future Trends (Kane, 1980); References; 6 The Cost and Energy Balance; 6.1 Ethanol from Biomass Cost; 6.2 Raw Material Costs; 6.3 The Brazilian Scene; 6.4 The Energy Balance; 6.5 The Case of Brazil; 6.6 Gasohol Energy Balance (Chambers, R.S. et al, 1979); References.
- 7 Food or Fuel and the Environment7.1 The Food Fuel Conflict (Bedell, 1980; Brown, 1980); 7.2 The Cropland Competition; 7.3 Implications in Brazil; 7.4 Alternatives; 7.5 Environmental Impact in Brazil (Energia, 1979); 7.6 Gasohol Pollution; References; 8 The Brazilian Experience and the Third World; 8.1 The Biomass Alternative (LDCs) (Da Silva, 1980; World Bank, 1980); 8.2 The Sucrochemical Industry in LDCs; 8.3 The Energy Crop Potential in LDCs (Hepner, 1979; Mario tte, 1979); 8.4 The Economic, Social and Political Setting for Ethanol Production; 8.5 The Lessons for the Third World.