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|a Libicki, Martin C.
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|a Crisis and escalation in cyberspace /
|c Martin C. Libicki.
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|a Santa Monica, CA :
|b RAND,
|c [2012]
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|a 1 online resource
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|a text
|2 rdacontent
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|a computer
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|a online resource
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|a Includes bibliographical references.
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|a Avoiding crises by creating norms -- Narratives, dialogues, and signaling -- Escalation management -- Strategic stability -- Conclusions and recommendations for the Air Force -- Introduction -- Some hypothetical crises -- Mutual mistrust is likely to characterize a cyber crisis -- States may have room for maneuver in a cyber crisis -- A note on methodology -- Purpose and organization -- Avoiding crises by creating norms -- What kind of norms might be useful? -- Enforce laws against hacking -- Disassociate from freelance hackers -- Discourage commercial espionage -- Be careful about the obligation to suppress cyber traffic -- How do we enforce norms? -- Confidence-building measures -- Norms for victims of cyberattacks -- Norms for war? -- Deception -- Military necessity and collateral damage -- Proportionality -- Reversibility -- Conclusions -- Narratives, dialogue, and signals -- Narratives to promote control -- A narrative framework for cyberspace -- Victimization, attribution, retaliation, and aggression -- Victimization -- Attribution -- Retaliation -- Aggression -- Emollients: narratives to walk back a crisis -- We did nothing -- Well, at least not on our orders -- It was an accident -- This is nothing new -- At least it does not portend anything -- Broader considerations -- Signals -- Ambiguity in signaling -- Signaling resolve -- Signaling that cyber combat is not kinetic combat -- Conclusions -- Escalation management -- Motives for escalation -- Does escalation matter? -- Escalation risks -- Escalation risks in phase -- Escalation risks for contained local conflicts -- Escalation risks for uncontained conflicts -- Managing proxy cyberattacks -- What hidden combatants imply for horizontal escalation -- Managing overt proxy conflict -- The difficulties of tit-for-tat management -- The importance of pre-planning -- Disjunctions among effort, effect, and perception -- Inadvertent escalation -- Escalation into kinetic warfare -- Escalation into economic warfare -- Sub rosa escalation -- Managing the third-party problem -- The need for a clean shot -- Inference and narrative -- Command and control -- Commanders -- Those they command -- Conclusions -- Implications for strategic stability -- Translating sources of cold war instability to cyberspace -- What influence can cyberwar have if nuclear weapons exist? -- Can cyberwar disarm another state's nuclear capabilities? -- Can cyberwar disarm another states cyberwarriors? -- Does cyberwar lend itself to alert-reaction cycles? -- Are cyberdefenses inherently destabilizing? -- Would a cyberspace arms races be destabilizing? -- Misperception as a source of crisis -- Side takes great exception to cyberespionage -- Defenses are misinterpreted as preparations for war -- Too much confidence in attribution -- Too much confidence in or fear of pre-emption -- Supposedly risk-free cyberattacks -- Neutrality -- Conclusions -- Can cyber crises be managed? -- A. Distributed denial-of-service attacks -- B. Overt, obvious, and covert cyberattacks and responses -- Can good cyberdefenses discourage attacks? -- Bibliography -- Figures -- Figure 1: Alternative postures for a master cyber narrative -- Figure 2: Sources of imprecision in tit for tat -- Figure 3: An inadvertent path to mutual escalation -- Figure A-1: Configuring networks to limit the damage of DDoS attacks -- Table -- Overt, obvious, and covert cyberattacks and responses.
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|a Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.
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|a JSTOR
|b Books at JSTOR Open Access
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|a JSTOR
|b Books at JSTOR All Purchased
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|a United States.
|b Air Force
|x Organization.
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|a United States.
|b Air Force
|x Decision making.
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|a United States.
|b Air Force.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst00538280
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|a Information warfare
|z United States.
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|a Escalation (Military science)
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|a Cyberspace
|x Security measures.
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|a Crisis management
|x Government policy
|z United States.
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|a Cyberterrorism
|x Prevention.
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|a Armed Forces
|x Organization.
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|a Conflict management.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst00874778
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|a Cyberspace
|x Security measures.
|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst02031378
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|a Cyberterrorism
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|2 fast
|0 (OCoLC)fst01905567
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|a Escalation (Military science)
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|a Information warfare.
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|a United States.
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|0 (OCoLC)fst01204155
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|i Print version:
|a Libicki, Martin C.
|t Crisis and escalation in cyberspace
|d Santa Monica, CA : RAND, [2012]
|z 9780833076786
|w (DLC) 2012046227
|
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