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Linear electronics.
A considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance, analysis and evaluation of amplification schemes and filters to be used in control systems, audio/video equipment, instrumentation and communication systems. This book is intended to ser...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Denmark :
River Publishers,
[2020]
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| Colección: | River Publishers series in circuits and systems.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Preface xiii
- List of Figures xv
- List of Abbreviations xxvii
- 1 Transistor Modeling for Linear Operation 1
- 1.1 Fundamentals on Bipolar Junction Transistors and MOS Transistors 2
- 1.2 Amplification and Biasing 7
- 1.3 Transistor Models for Small Signal Operation at Low Frequencies 12
- 1.4 Concluding Remarks 21
- 2 Linear Amplification 25
- 2.1 Model of a Linear Amplifier 25
- 2.2 Types of Amplifiers 27
- 2.3 Feedback Amplifiers 29
- 3 Amplifier Circuits 31
- 3.1 Voltage Amplifier 31
- 3.2 Current Amplifier 31
- 3.3 Transconductance Amplifier 31
- 3.4 Transimpedance Amplifier 31
- 3.5 Gain of Amplifiers in Series 32
- 3.6 Noise Figure for Series of Amplifiers 33
- 4 Operational Amplifiers 35
- 4.1 Differential Amplifier 36
- 4.1.1 Static Condition 37
- 4.1.2 Dynamic Operation 38
- 4.2 Ideal Operational Amplifier 42
- 4.2.1 Positive Feedback 44
- 4.2.2 Negative Feedback 44
- 4.2.3 Inverter Amplifier 45
- 4.2.4 Non-inverter amplifier 46
- 4.2.5 Adder Amplifier 47
- 4.3 Real Operational Amplifier 48
- 4.3.1 Finite Gain Influence 48
- 4.3.2 Offset Voltage 54
- 4.3.3 Bias Current 54
- 4.3.4 Influence of temperature 59
- 4.3.5 Common-mode rejection ratio 59
- 4.3.6 Frequency Response 61
- 5 Circuits with Operational Amplifiers 67
- 5.1 Inverting Amplifier 67
- 5.2 Non-inverting Amplifier 68
- 5.3 Oscillators 69
- 5.3.1 RC Phase Shift Oscillator 69
- 5.3.2 Wien Bridge Oscillator 70
- 5.4 Buffer 71
- 5.5 Comparator 72
- 5.6 Adder 73
- 5.7 Subtractor 74
- 5.8 Adder/Subtractor 75
- 5.9 Integrator 76
- 5.10 Differentiator 76
- 5.11 Instrumentation Amplifier 77
- 5.12 Shifter 77
- 5.13 Transresistance Amplifiers 78
- 5.14 Precision Rectifier 79
- 5.15 Logarithmic Amplifiers 80
- 5.16 High-impedance Differential Amplifier 81
- 5.17 Gyrator 82
- 6 Active Filters 85
- 6.1 First-order filters 88
- 6.1.1 Low-pass Filter 88
- 6.1.2 High-pass Filter 89
- 6.1.3 Band-pass Filter 90
- 6.2 Second-order Filters 90
- 6.2.1 Low-pass Filter 92.
- 6.2.2 High-pass Filter 95
- 6.2.3 Band-pass Filter 96
- 6.2.4 Band-stop Filter 99
- 7 Characterization of Operational Amplifiers 101
- 7.1 Extraction of the Offset Voltage (Vos) 101
- 7.2 Extraction of Total Bias Current (IB Total) 102
- 7.3 Extraction of Offset Current (Ios) 102
- 7.4 Extraction of the Gain 103
- 7.5 Extraction of the Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 103
- 7.6 Extraction of the Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) 104
- 7.7 Extraction of the Output Swing 104
- 7.8 Extraction of the Short-Circuit Current (Isc) 105
- 7.9 Extraction of the Supply Current 105
- 7.10 Offset Adjustment 105
- 8 Operational Amplifier Model 107
- 8.1 Ebers-Moll Complete Model 107
- 8.2 Using the Loop Test 114
- 8.2.1 The Main Parameters 114
- 8.2.2 The Secondary Parameters 116
- 8.3 Basic Test Loop for Operational Amplifiers 117
- 8.3.1 AC Parameters 118
- 8.3.2 Vn Equations 119
- 9 Oscillators 121
- 9.1 Types of Oscillators 121
- 9.2 The Ideal Oscillator 123
- 9.3 Fundamentals of Sinusoidal Oscillators 126
- 9.3.1 Barkhausen Criterion 128
- 9.4 Limiter Circuits 131
- 9.4.1 An Example of a Limiter Circuit Used in Oscillators 135
- 9.5 The Wien Oscillator 140
- 9.6 LC Oscillators 146
- 9.6.1 The Hartley Oscillator 146
- 9.6.2 The Colpitts Oscillator 149
- 9.6.3 The Armstrong Oscillator 150
- 9.7 The Mixer Circuit 150
- 9.7.1 Mixer as Frequency Converter 152
- 9.7.2 Quadratic Mixers 153
- 9.7.3 Mixers with Proportional and Quadratic Response 154
- 9.7.4 Passive Mixers 155
- 9.7.5 Active Mixers 159
- 9.8 Voltage Control Oscillator 160
- 10 The Phase-Locked Loop 163
- 10.1 General Description of PLL 163
- 10.1.1 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) 166
- 10.1.2 Phase Comparator 168
- 10.1.3 Low Pass Filter 169
- 10.1.4 PLL Capture Range 172
- 10.1.5 PLL Lock Range 174
- 10.2 Mathematical Model of PLL 174
- 10.2.1 Analysis of PLL under Small Signals 177
- 10.3 The PLL Digital Circuit 179
- 10.4 The PLL as Frequency Synthesizer 179.
- 11 ContinuousWave Modulation 181
- 11.1 Amplitude Modulation 184
- 11.1.1 Amplitude Modulation
- Double Side Band-Supressed Carrier (AM-DSB-SC) 185
- 11.1.2 Amplitude Modulation
- Double Side Band (AM-DSB) 190
- 11.2 AM Modulators Circuits 194
- 11.2.1 Quadratic Modulator 195
- 11.2.2 Modulator by Switching or Synchronous 197
- 11.2.3 Balanced Modulator 199
- 11.3 AM Demodulator 201
- 11.3.1 Envelope Demodulation 202
- 11.3.2 Quadratic Detector 204
- 11.3.3 Synchronous Detector 205
- 11.4 Angular Modulation 206
- 11.4.1 Narrow-Band Angle Modulator 209
- 11.4.2 Wide-Band Angle Modulator 210
- 11.5 FM Modulator Circuits 213
- 11.5.1 FM Wave Indirect Generation 213
- 11.5.2 FM Wave Direct Generation 215
- 11.6 FM Demodulator Circuits 216
- 11.6.1 FM Demodulation with PLL 216
- 11.6.2 Frequency Discriminator 217 Appendix A: Fourier Theory 219 A.1 Introduction 219 A.2 The Concept of Integration 219 A.3 Basic Fourier Analysis 220 A.3.1 The Trigonometric Fourier Series 221 A.3.2 The Compact Fourier Series 224 A.3.3 The Exponential Fourier Series 225 A.4 Fourier Transform 227 A.4.1 Bilateral Exponential Signal 228 A.4.2 Transform of the Gate Function 229 A.4.3 Fourier Transform of the Impulse Function 230 A.4.4 Transform of the Constant Function 230 A.4.5 Fourier Transform of the Sine and Cosine Function 231 A.4.6 Fourier Transform of the Complex Exponential 231 A.4.7 Fourier Transform of a General Periodic Function 232 A.5 Properties of the Fourier Transform 233 A.5.1 Linearity of the Fourier Transform 233 A.5.2 Scaling Property 233 A.5.3 Symmetry Property 234 A.5.4 Time Domain Shift 235 A.5.5 Frequency Domain Shift 235 A.5.6 Differentiation in the Time Domain 235 A.5.7 Integration in the Time Domain 236 A.5.8 Convolution Theorem in the Time Domain 237 A.5.9 Convolution Theorem in the Frequency Domain 238 A.6 Sampling Theorem 238 A.7 Parseval's Theorem 242
- References 243
- Index 247
- About the Authors 253.