Basics of Polymers, Volume II : Instrumental Methods of Testing /

Wide-range polymer materials require polymer testing, which is associated with public and economic factors. Perhaps in no other aspect of the materials is there a great need for a dispassionate and rigorous analysis because of the characteristics of a polymer. Polymer testing with instrumental metho...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Muralisrinivasan, Subramanian (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: [Place of publication not identified] : Momentum Press, 2019.
Temas:
Polymers > Testing.
Polymers > Testing
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • 1. Introduction
  • 1.1. Objective: polymer testing
  • 1.2. Necessity of instrumental methods
  • 1.3. Specialization
  • 2. Importance of polymer testing
  • 2.1. Polymers
  • 2.1.1. Chemical aspects
  • 2.1.2. Architectural aspects
  • 2.2. Polymer properties
  • 2.3. Functionality type distribution
  • 2.4. Chemical composition distribution
  • 2.5. Physical properties
  • 2.6. Chemical properties
  • 2.7. Thermal properties
  • 2.8. Rheological properties
  • 2.9. Additives
  • 2.10. Testing of additives
  • 2.11. Instrumental methods and their role
  • 2.12. Spectroscopy
  • 2.13. Chromatography
  • 2.14. Thermal analysis
  • 2.15. Rheological measurements
  • 2.16. Other measurements
  • 2.17. Chemical methods versus instrumental methods
  • 2.18. Importance of instrumental methods
  • 3. Spectroscopic techniques
  • 3.1. Spectrophotometric analysis
  • 3.2. Fourier transform
  • 3.3. Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy
  • 3.4. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
  • 3.4.1. Industrial applications
  • 3.4.2. Advantages
  • 3.4.3. Disadvantage
  • 3.5. Infrared spectroscopy
  • 3.5.1. Basics
  • 3.5.2. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer
  • 3.5.3. Instrumentation
  • 3.5.4. Interferometry
  • 3.5.5. Attenuated total reflectance
  • 3.5.6. Importance of infrared spectroscopy
  • 3.5.7. Identification of unknown compounds
  • 3.5.8. Elemental analysis
  • 3.5.9. Quantitative analysis
  • 3.5.10. Molecular structure
  • 3.5.11. Infrared spectrum
  • 3.5.12. Shortcomings
  • 3.5.13. Some of the advantages of FTIR are
  • 3.6. Mass spectrometry
  • 3.6.1. Instrumentation
  • 3.6.2. Mass spectrometry and polymers
  • 3.6.3. Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry
  • 3.6.4. Secondary ion mass spectrometry
  • 3.6.5. Electrospray ionization
  • 3.6.6. Field desorption mass spectrometry 43 3.6.7. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight 43 3.6.8. shortcomings
  • 3.6.9. Advantages
  • 3.7. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • 3.7.1. Basics
  • 3.7.2. NMR spectrum
  • 3.7.3. Solvents
  • 3.7.4. Proton 1H NMR spectrum
  • 3.7.5. Carbon 13C NMR spectrum
  • 3.7.6. Fluorine 19F NMR spectrum
  • 3.7.7. Shortcomings
  • 3.7.8. Advantages
  • 3.8. Raman spectroscopy
  • 3.8.1. Importance of the raman spectrum
  • 3.8.2. Shortcomings
  • 3.8.3. Advantages
  • 4. Chromatographic techniques
  • 4.1. High-performance liquid chromatography
  • 4.1.1. Instrumentation
  • 4.1.2. Reverse phase HPLC
  • 4.1.3. Mobile phase
  • 4.1.4. Stationary phase
  • 4.1.5. Elution
  • 4.1.6. Column
  • 4.1.7. Mechanism of retention
  • 4.1.8. Chromatogram
  • 4.1.9. Advantages
  • 4.1.10. Shortcomings
  • 4.2. Size exclusion chromatography
  • 4.2.1. Instrumentation
  • 4.2.2. Detectors
  • 4.2.3 Effects on column packing
  • 4.2.4. Effects on velocity
  • 4.2.5. Solvents effect
  • 4.2.6. Calibration
  • 4.2.7. Plate count
  • 4.2.8. Role of SEC
  • 4.2.9. Shortcomings
  • 4.2.10. Advantages
  • 4.3. Gas chromatography
  • 4.3.1. Thermal fragmentation
  • 4.3.2. Instrumentation
  • 4.3.3. Analyte separation and quantitative determination
  • 4.3.4. Shortcomings
  • 4.3.5. Advantages
  • 5. Thermal analysis
  • 5.1. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
  • 5.1.1. Importance of thermal analysis
  • 5.1.2. Instrumentation
  • 5.1.3. Essentials of thermogravimetric instrument
  • 5.1.4. Advantages
  • 5.2. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
  • 5.2.1. Basics
  • 5.2.2. Instrumentation
  • 5.2.3. Advantages
  • 6. Other essential instrumental methods of analysis
  • 6.1. Heat stability test
  • 6.2. Gel content determination
  • 6.3. Microscopy
  • 6.4. Scanning electron microscopy
  • 6.5. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
  • 6.6. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
  • 6.7. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)
  • 6.8. Viscometric determination of molecular weight
  • 6.9. Ultracentrifugation
  • 6.10. Light scattering technique
  • 6.11. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)
  • 6.11.1. Advantages
  • 7. Future trends
  • 7.1. Role of polymer testing
  • 7.2. Quality control
  • 7.3. Developments in polymer testing
  • 7.4. Driving forces
  • 7.5. Requirements and challenges
  • About the author
  • Index.

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