Desertification : past, current and future trends /

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Squires, Victor R., 1937- (Editor ), Ariapour, Ali (Editor )
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: New York : Nova Science Publishers, [2018]
Colección:Environmental research advances series.
Temas:
Desertification.
Désertification.
SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geography.
SCIENCE / Earth Sciences / Geology.
History.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • List of Boxes
  • Foreword
  • Editors' Preface
  • References
  • Scope and Purpose of the Book
  • Part 1. Setting and Context
  • Chapter 1
  • Desertification: History and Analysis of Land Degradation in Dryland Environments
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Historical Roots, Evolving Definitions, and Critiques of Desertification
  • 3. Dryland Variability
  • 4. Direct and Indirect Drivers of Land-Cover Change
  • 4.1. Climate Related Drivers of Land-Cover Changes
  • 4.2. Anthropogenic Drivers of Land-Cover Changes
  • 5. Approaches to Identifying and Monitoring Desertification
  • 6. The Quest for Sustainability in Dryland Regions
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 2
  • A Changing Narrative on Desertification and Degradation in South Africa
  • Abstract
  • 1. Context and Overview
  • 2. Brief Introduction to South Africa and Reasons Why the Country Is Prone to Land Degradation
  • 2.1. Climate
  • 2.2. Geology
  • 2.3. Vegetation
  • 3. Historical Influences on Land Degradation in South Africa
  • 3.1. Stone-Age and Iron-Age Influences
  • 3.2. Post-Colonial Influences
  • Up to 1994
  • 3.3. Historic Anti-Degradation Interventions
  • 4. National Assessments of Land Degradation in South Africa
  • 4.1. Remote Sensing Based Mapping and What It Tells Us
  • 4.2. Perception Based Studies, Its Advantages and Limitations
  • 4.3. Comparing Perception Based and Remote Sensed Products
  • 5. Current Status, Direct Causes and the Main Drivers of Land Degradation
  • 5.1. A Summary of Degradation Types, the Direct Causes and Negative Trends for the Main Land Use Classes in South Africa
  • 5.2. Changes in Land Use as a Driver of Land Degradation
  • 5.3. Underlying Causes or Drivers for Land Degradation in South Africa
  • 6. The National Concern over Changes in Vegetation
  • 6.1. Bush Encroachment.
  • 6.2. Impacts from Alien Invasive Plants
  • 7. Post 1994 Policy Framework, Government and Private Sector Response
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 3
  • The Maghreb (North Africa) Rangelands' Evolution over Forty Years: Regreening or Degradation?
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Description of the Study Area
  • 2.1. Study Zone
  • 2.2. Bioclimate
  • 2.3. Vegetation
  • 3. Assessment of Rangelands Dynamics by Field Surveys
  • 3.1. Material and Methods
  • 3.2. Monitoring of Vegetation and Land Use in the North Africa (Maghreb)
  • 3.2.1. Indicators of Structural Changes
  • 3.2.1.1. Indicator of Physiognomic Changes
  • 3.2.1.2. Indicator of Vegetation Cover Changes
  • 3.2.2. Indicators of Ecological Function
  • 3.2.2.1. Evolution of Phytomass and RUE
  • 3.2.2.1.1. Observatory of the High Plains
  • 3.2.2.1.2. Observatory of Menzel Habib
  • 3.2.3. Indicators of Biodiversity
  • 3.2.3.1. Flora Richness
  • 3.2.3.2. Evolution of Perennial Species
  • 3.2.3.3. Synthesis of the Field Data Measurements
  • 4. Dynamic of Rangelands by Remote Sensing
  • 4.1. Satellite Data
  • 4.2. Results
  • 5. The Socio-Economic Drivers
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 4
  • Desertification in Iran and Efforts to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Variability
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Agricultural Land Management
  • Why We Need Adaptation?
  • Climate Variability Impacts
  • Adaptation with Dust and Sand Storm
  • Case Study
  • Traditional Housing in Yazd, Iran
  • Mud Bricks
  • Wind Management
  • Wind Towers and Wind Catcher
  • Water Management
  • Qanat
  • Qanat, One of the Mechanisms to Supply Water in Arid Lands
  • Technical Features
  • Importance
  • Water Clocks to Help Utilize Water
  • Conclusion and Summary
  • References
  • Part 2. Measures to Arrest and Reverse Desertification
  • Chapter 5.
  • Desertification in the Western Part of Iran with Special Reference to Dust and Sand Storms
  • Abstract
  • 1. Desertification in Iran
  • 1.1. Desertification Distribution in Iran
  • 1.2. Desertification Causes
  • 1.2.1. Climate Change
  • 1.2.2. Exploitation of Groundwater
  • 1.2.3. Dam Construction and Water Transfer Projects
  • 2. Desertification in the Tigris and Euphrates River Basins
  • 2.1. Source Point of Dust Storm in the Middle East
  • 3. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dust Storm in Western and Southwestern Part of Iran
  • 3.1. Spatial Distribution of Dust Storm by Remote Sensing Images
  • 3.2. Temporal Trend of Dust Storm by Visibility Data and Remote Sensing Images
  • 4. Impact of Synoptic Systems and Climate Factors on Dust Storm Occurrence
  • 4.1. Problems of Dust Storm
  • Conclusion and Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 6
  • Commentary on Desertification Prevention and Control: China's Solutions to a Serious Problem
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. An Example of Desertification Control in China
  • 2.1. The Kubuqi Model
  • An Integrated Approach
  • 2.1.1. Ecological Restoration
  • 2.1.2. Ecological Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
  • 2.1.3. Ecological Health
  • 2.1.4. Eco-Tourism
  • 2.1.5. Eco-Solar Energy
  • 2.1.6. Ecological Industry
  • 2.1.6.1. Inspiring Hope
  • 2.1.6.2. Benefiting Local Communities
  • 2.1.6.3. Improving the Ecological Environment
  • 2.1.6.4. Accumulating Ecological Capital
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 7
  • Desertification on the Silk Road through Asia's Drylands and Deserts: The Quest for Sustainable Development
  • Abstract
  • 1. Background and Context
  • 2. Land Degradation and Desertification
  • 2.1. Root Causes of Desertification
  • 3. Dust and Sand Storms
  • A Scourge
  • 4. Deserts as a Sink for CO2 and Methane
  • 5. An Overview of the Desert Eco-Economy Along the One Belt, One Road.
  • 5.1. Regional Context
  • 5.2. Emerging Issues
  • 6. Priority Actions
  • 6.1. "Systemic" Factors and Constraints in Greater Central Asia That Need Attention
  • 6.2. Key Strategic Approaches and Policy Options
  • 7. Key Opportunities in Green Economy
  • 7.1. National Projects and Activities Are Focused on Priority Areas
  • 7.2. National-Level Initiatives
  • 7.2.1. Afghanistan
  • 7.2.2. China
  • 7.2.3. Asia-Pacific Forest Network
  • 7.2.4. Iran
  • 7.2.5. MENARID in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
  • 7.2.6. Kazakhstan
  • 7.2.7. Mongolia
  • 8. Future Outlook for Improved Regional Cooperation in the GCA
  • 8.1. Meeting the Challenges That Affected Country Parties Face
  • 9. The Quest for Sustainability
  • References
  • Part 3. Some Drivers of Desertification
  • Chapter 8
  • Wildfire Contribution to Desertification at Local, Regional, and Global Scales
  • Abstract
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Desertification
  • 2.1. Description
  • 2.2. Classification
  • 2.3. Global Desertification Distribution
  • 3. Wildfires
  • 3.1. Global Scale
  • 3.2. Regional Scale
  • 3.3. Local Scale
  • 3.4. Fire Scales
  • 4. Erosion
  • 4.1. Soil Loss Tolerance
  • 4.2. Degree of Desertification
  • 4.3. Soil Loss Due To Wildfires
  • 5. Type Conversion
  • 6. Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER)
  • Conclusion and Summary
  • References
  • Chapter 9
  • The Role of Grazing Ruminants in Desertification Processes
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Mechanisms of Soil Erosion by Wind and Water
  • Diet Selection by Grazing Animals
  • Implication for Community Composition
  • Influence of Stocking Rate and Grazing System on Land Degradation in Grazing Lands
  • Grazing and Soil Carbon
  • References
  • Chapter 10
  • Desertification: Is It Really at an End or Has It Morphed into Something Else?
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Why All the Fuss and Attention?
  • Desertification Has Many Dimensions.
  • The Role of Humans in Desertification
  • On Our Failure to Control Desertification
  • Drivers of Adaptation
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • About the Editors
  • List of Contributors
  • Index
  • Blank Page.

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