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Crisis Responses, Competitiveness and Jobs.
A lack of competitiveness has been identified by many as the underlying factor behind weak economic growth and high unemployment in Europe. The purpose of this report is to assess the issue of competitiveness in the EU and other advanced and emerging economies and to promote a clearer understanding...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Geneva :
International Labour Office,
2015.
|
| Colección: | Studies on Growth with Equit.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Crisis Responses, Competitiveness and Jobs. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Geneva : |b International Labour Office, |c 2015. | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©2015 | |
| 300 | |a 1 online resource (180 pages) | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Studies on Growth with Equit. | |
| 505 | 0 | |a Cover -- Copyright -- FOREWORD -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- Figure 1.1 Unemployment rates, 1990s, 2007, 2010, 2014 -- Figure 1.2 Labour productivity growth for regions and selected countries -- Figure 1.3 Nominal ULC, productivity and labour compensation, average annual growth rate, 1999 -- 2012 (percentages) -- Figure 1.4 U LC-REER dynamics in selected countries, 1999-2013 -- Figure 1.5 Employment rate and Global Competitiveness Index (1 -- lowest, 7 -- highest)prior to the crisis (2007) -- Figure 1.6 GCI (1 -- lowest, 7 -- highest) in 2007 and annual compounded growth rateof employment between 2007 and 2013 -- Figure 1.7 Simulation of unilateral wage compression in two-country GEL -- Figure 1.8 Current account of Eurozone 12 countries, 1999-2013 -- Figure 1.9 Decomposing current account into savings and investmentby sectors (2000-2007 average) -- Figure 1.10 Long-term harmonized interest rates, January 2008 to June 2014 -- Figure 1.11 Change in growth decomposition between 2000-2007and 2011-2013 (annual averages) ( -- Figure 1.12 Change in saving and investment contributions to current account -- Figure 2.1 Prosperity gap between EU-15 and Japan, the United States and BRIICS, selected years, 1995 to 2013 -- Figure 2.2 Prosperity gap within EU economies, selected years, 1995-2013 -- Figure 2.3 Decomposition of prosperity growth by labour productivityand labour utilization growth, 2006 and 2009 -- Figure 2.4 Correlation between labour productivityand broader indicators of competitiveness (2013) -- Figure 2.5 Labour productivity growth (in Euros) in selected countries -- Figure 2.6 Output per hour worked, EU-15 vs. United States, 2001-2013 -- Figure 2.7 Growth of nominal ULC and GDP per capita, 2000-2012 -- Figure 2.8 Relationship between price competitiveness and trade balance, 2006-2012. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Figure 2.9 Relationship between price competitiveness and export growth, 2006-2012 -- Figure 2.10 Nominal ULC in non-agricultural tradable sectors, 2000-2011 -- Figure 2.11 Trends in sectoral employment in the EU-28, 1991-2013 -- Figure 2.12 EU average annual growth of productivity and employment, 2007-2012 -- Figure 2.13 Trade opening with retraining in place -- Figure 3.1 Change in jobs associated with GVC in EU-15, 2000-2007 -- Figure 3.2 Change in jobs associated with GVC in remaining EU economies, 2000-2007 -- Figure 3.3 Difference in hourly labour cost (Euros), 2004-2013 across the EU -- Figure 3.4 Change in manufacturing and service sector jobs associated with GVC,2000-2007 -- Figure 3.5 Private sectors subject to boom-bust, 2001-2013 -- Figure 3.6 Impact of the sectorial employment structure on the probabilityof economic growth slowdowns and accelerations -- Figure 3.7 E mployment change in sectors OPQR and total employment change, 2008-2013 -- Figure 3.8 Employment growth and ULC in selected service sectors -- Figure 3.9 GVC employment share and growth (2011 relative to 2007) -- Figure 3.10 Fundamental drivers of employment -- Figure 3.11 Moderating effect of export diversification -- Figure 4.1 Social protection expenditure EU-27, 2007 -- Figure 4.2 Employment and inverse poverty EU-27 (2007) -- Figure 4.3 Social protection receipts EU-27, 2007 -- Figure 4.4 Changes in inverse poverty and changes in employment rates -- Figure 4.5 Impact of trade opening on domestic economy -- Figure 4.6 Inequality in gross market income and redistribution before and after the crisis -- Figure 4.7 Expenditures on social protection and redistribution, 2007 -- Figure 4.8 Expenditures on social protection and redistribution, 2012 -- Figure 4.9 Employment rates and total labour costs before and after the crisis. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Figure 4.10 Employment and marginal tax rates of second earners (2012) -- Figure 4.11 Employment by age group and marginal tax rates of primary earners (2012) -- Figure 4.12 Total labour costs and social security contributions (2012) -- Figure 4.13 Productivity and social protection expenditures -- Figure 4.14 Social security contributions and tax revenue as a percentage of GDP (left) -- social protection expenditures as a percentage of GDP (middle) -- employment and inequality (right) -- Figure 4.15 Unemployment response to negative demand and supply shock with and without EUI -- LIST OF TABLES -- Table 1.1 Correlation between average employment rate and GCI pillars (2007):R egression results -- Table 1.2 Employment rate developments in the EU-28 since the crisis -- Table 2.1 Overview of major competitiveness index frameworks -- Table 2.2 Country rankings according to different measures of competitiveness (average 2006-2012) -- Table 2.3 Spearman's rank correlation coefficientsapplied to different measures of competitiveness -- Table 2.4 Share of non-agricultural private sector employment, excluding real estate, for selected countries, 2001-2011 -- Table 3.1 Export growth contribution and external balance change, 2000-2007 -- Table 3.2 Estimated determinants of GVC jobs -- Table 4.1 Policy changes after the crisis -- Table 4.2 GCI-ranking for relevant sub-indicators 2013 -- Table 4.3 GCI sub-indicators and productivity across Europe after the crisis: Unconditional correlations and partial correlations -- LIST OF BOXES -- Box 1.1 The ULC-REER -- Box 1.2 Correlation between average employment rate and GCI pillars -- Box 1.3 Wage moderation and demand -- Box 1.4 Neoclassical predictions on financial integration -- Box 2.1 Origins of the concept of competitiveness and modern use -- Box 2.2 Europe's persistent productivity gap with the United States. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Box 3.1 Computing GVC-related jobs -- Box 3.2 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in intra-European value chains -- Box 3.3 Sectorial employment and economic growth dynamics in EU countries -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Chapter 1 The Euro crisis, competitiveness and the labour market -- Introduction -- A. Competitiveness and labour markets -- B. What led to the crisis? -- C. Focus of the report -- References -- Chapter 2 Competitiveness and jobs -- Introduction -- A. Concept of competitiveness -- B. Broader concepts of competitiveness -- C. Conclusion and policy implications -- References -- Chapter 3 Competitiveness and jobs in the GVC -- Introduction -- A. Employment shares in global value chains -- B. Employment and structural transformation -- C. Decomposing drivers of job loss: The GEL model -- D. Balanced and sustainable employment growth -- Appendix A -- References -- Chapter 4 Social protection and competitiveness -- Introduction -- A. Divergence in social policies and competitiveness -- B. Links between social protection, productivity and competitiveness -- C. Restructuring social protection to improve competitiveness -- Appendix A -- References -- Annex: The GEL model:Technical details. | |
| 520 | |a A lack of competitiveness has been identified by many as the underlying factor behind weak economic growth and high unemployment in Europe. The purpose of this report is to assess the issue of competitiveness in the EU and other advanced and emerging economies and to promote a clearer understanding of its relationship to the crisis and to long-term labour market and social outcomes. | ||
| 590 | |a eBooks on EBSCOhost |b EBSCO eBook Subscription Academic Collection - Worldwide | ||
| 650 | 0 | |a International economic relations. | |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Print version: |a ILO. |t Crisis Responses, Competitiveness and Jobs. |d Geneva : International Labour Office, ©2015 |z 9789221293170 |
| 830 | 0 | |a Studies on Growth with Equit. | |
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