Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Introduction
  • 1.1. Focus and aims
  • 1.2. Discourse Markers and ìnteractive markers'
  • 1.3. Scope of the study
  • 1.4. Methodology
  • 1.5. Data and presentation
  • 1.6. Organisation of the study
  • ch. 2 Approaches to interactive markers
  • 2.1. Syntactical approach
  • 2.2. Cognitive approach
  • 2.2.1. Information-state-based account
  • 2.2.2. Discourse-management-based account
  • 2.2.3. Dialogue-coordination-based account
  • 2.3. Illocutionary force
  • 2.3.1. Insistence-compliance-based account
  • 2.3.2. Authority-based account
  • 2.4. Interactional approach
  • 2.5. Social approach
  • 2.5.1. Indexicality-based account
  • 2.5.2. Politeness-based account
  • 2.6. Summary
  • ch. 3 Involvement, formality and gender in language use
  • 3.1. Involvement
  • 3.2. Formality
  • 3.3. Gender
  • 3.4. Summary
  • ch. 4 Involvement and the speaker's attitudes
  • 4.1. Involvement and the speaker's attitudes
  • 4.2. Incorporative attitude and monopolistic attitude
  • 4.3. Incorporative {ne, na} vs. monopolistic {yo, sa, wa, zo, ze}
  • 4.4. Summary
  • ch. 5 Incorporate markers ne and na
  • 5.1. Ne
  • 5.1.1. Previous studies okn ne
  • 5.1.2. function of ne: Aligning with the hearer
  • 5.1.2.1. crucial use of ne
  • 5.1.2.2. optional use of ne
  • 5.1.2.3. non-sentence-final use of ne
  • 5.2. Na
  • 5.2.1. Previous studies on na
  • 5.2.2. function of na: Aligning with the hearer
  • 5.2.2.1. crucial use of na
  • 5.2.2.2. optional use of na
  • 5.2.2.3. non-sentence-final use of na
  • 5.3. impossible use of ne and na
  • 5.4. common expressive effects of ne and na and their use in social contexts
  • 5.4.1. Softening vs. strengthening
  • 5.4.2. More frequent use in casual conversation
  • 5.5. difference between ne and na
  • 5.5.1. Special property of na: Camaraderie
  • 5.5.2. Plain form da/ru and na
  • 5.5.3. Polite form desu/masu and na
  • 5.5.4. Gender and na
  • 5.6. Summary
  • ch. 6 Monopolistic markers yo and sa
  • 6.1. Yo
  • 6.1.1. Previous studies on yo
  • 6.1.2. function of yo: Ensuring the hearer's understanding
  • 6.1.3. expressive effects of yo and its use in social contexts
  • 6.2. Sa
  • 6.2.1. Relevant facts
  • 6.2.2. Previous studies on sa
  • 6.2.3. function of sa: Presenting the utterance as a matter of course for the speaker
  • 6.2.4. expressive effects of sa and its use in social contexts
  • 6.3. Summary
  • ch. 7 Monopolistic markers wa, zo and ze
  • 7.1. Modal expression daroo/deshoo s̀uppose'
  • 7.2. Wa
  • 7.2.1. Relevant facts
  • 7.2.2. Previous studies on wa
  • 7.2.3. function of wa: Delivering the utterance in a firm manner
  • 7.2.4. expressive effects of wa and its use in social contexts
  • 7.3. Zo
  • 7.3.1. Relevant facts
  • 7.3.2. Previous studies on zo
  • 7.3.3. function of zo: Urging the hearer's understanding of an implied message
  • 7.3.4. expressive effects of zo and its use in social contexts
  • 7.4. Ze
  • 7.4.1. Relevant facts
  • 7.4.2. Previous studies on ze
  • 7.4.3. function of ze: Enhancing the hearer's understanding of the speaker's belief in sharing
  • 7.4.4. expressive effects of ze and its use in social contexts
  • 7.5. Summary
  • ch. 8 Conclusion
  • 8.1. Function of each marker
  • 8.2. Implications
  • 8.2.1. Involvement in spoken discourse
  • 8.2.2. Interface between language and culture
  • 8.2.3. Sociocultural understanding in the second/foreign language education
  • 8.2.4. Japanese and the expressions of formality and gender
  • 8.3. Concluding remarks.