Modification /

An accessible guide to the linguistic semantics of adjectives, adverbs, gradability, vagueness, comparatives, and modification more generally.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Autor principal: Morzycki, Marcin (Autor)
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, [2016]
Colección:Key topics in semantics and pragmatics.
Temas:
Grammar, Comparative and general > Adverbials.
Semantics.
Semantics (Philosophy)
Semantics
Sémantique.
Sémantique (Philosophie)
semantics.
LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES > Grammar & Punctuation.
LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES > Linguistics > Syntax.
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Machine generated contents note: 1. Preliminaries
  • 1.1. Two problems
  • 1.2. What this book is and isn't
  • 1.3. Background assumptions
  • 1.3.1. Glossing logical notation
  • 1.3.2. Theoretical framework
  • 1.3.3. Notational and typographical conventions
  • 1.4. What, if anything, is modification?
  • 1.5. Roadmap
  • 2. lexical semantics of adjectives: more than just scales
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. How adjectives and nouns combine: a typology
  • 2.2.1. Intersective interpretations
  • 2.2.2. Subsective interpretations
  • 2.2.3. Apparently subsective intersective interpretations
  • 2.2.4. Ordinary non-subsective adjectives
  • 2.2.5. Privative adjectives, which may not exist
  • 2.3. type of adjectives and the nature of subsectivity
  • 2.3.1. How powerful are adjectives?
  • 2.3.2. Siegel: the Doublet Theory
  • 2.3.3. Larson: events inside the nominal extended projection
  • 2.3.4. implicit-argument approach
  • 2.3.5. How much power is too much? Impossible adjectives
  • 2.4. menagerie of adjectives
  • 2.4.1. word about adjective classification
  • 2.4.2. Temporal-ordering adjectives
  • 2.4.3. Classificatory/relational adjectives
  • 2.4.4. trouble with stone lions
  • 2.4.5. attributive-with-infinitive construction
  • 2.4.6. Adnominal degree modifiers
  • 2.5. Adjectives where they have no right to be: adverbial readings
  • 2.5.1. scope puzzle
  • 2.5.2. Frequency adjectives: the facts
  • 2.5.3. adverbial reading of frequency adjectives
  • 2.5.4. internal reading of frequency adjectives
  • 2.5.5. Average Americans and parasitic scope
  • 2.5.6. Sameness and difference
  • 2.5.7. Other adverbial readings and the bigger picture
  • 2.6. Adjective position and syntactic issues
  • 2.6.1. Attributive vs. predicative, prenominal vs. postnominal
  • 2.6.2. Indirect modification
  • 2.6.3. Stage-level/individual-level contrasts
  • 2.6.4. focus position?
  • 2.7. What is it to be an adjective?
  • 2.8. Questions for further reflection and discussion
  • 2.9. Suggestions for further reading
  • 3. Vagueness, degrees, and gradable predicates
  • 3.1. Introduction
  • 3.2. Vagueness
  • 3.2.1. Identifying vagueness
  • 3.2.2. Vagueness vs. ambiguity
  • 3.2.3. Vagueness vs. imprecision
  • 3.2.4. Some foundational questions
  • 3.3. Theories of vagueness and gradability: a false start
  • 3.3.1. Three approaches
  • 3.3.2. Fuzzy logic
  • 3.4. inherent vagueness approach
  • 3.4.1. Extension gaps
  • 3.4.2. Precisification and supertruth
  • 3.4.3. Comparatives
  • 3.4.4. Degree words
  • 3.4.5. Degree functions and comparatives revisited
  • 3.5. degree-based approach
  • 3.5.1. Degrees
  • 3.5.2. Gradable predicates
  • 3.5.3. Borderline cases and context-dependence
  • 3.5.4. tautology and contradiction issue
  • 3.5.5. Comparatives
  • 3.5.6. Degree words
  • 3.5.7. Varieties of degrees
  • 3.6. Degree or not degree? That is the question
  • 3.7. Scales and the lexical semantics of adjectives
  • 3.7.1. Antonyms
  • 3.7.2. Open and closed scales
  • 3.7.3. Dimensional and non-dimensional adjectives
  • 3.7.4. Extreme adjectives
  • 3.7.5. Gradable modal adjectives
  • 3.7.6. On scales and categories
  • 3.8. Questions for further reflection and discussion
  • 3.9. Suggestions for further reading
  • 4. Comparatives and their kin
  • 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.2. syntax and semantics of the extended AP
  • 4.2.1. Getting terminology out of the way
  • 4.2.2. unpronounced in comparative clauses
  • 4.2.3. First steps
  • 4.2.4. big DegP view
  • 4.2.5. small DegP view
  • 4.2.6. Scope and degree operators
  • 4.2.7. Russell ambiguity
  • 4.2.8. Quantification and comparative clauses
  • 4.3. Other degree constructions
  • 4.3.1. Differential comparatives and measure phrases
  • 4.3.2. Equatives
  • 4.3.3. Superlatives
  • 4.3.4. Sufficiency and excess
  • 4.3.5. Degree exclamatives and degree questions
  • 4.3.6. Metalinguistic comparatives
  • 4.3.7. Comparison of deviation
  • 4.3.8. Indirect comparison
  • 4.4. Neutralization and positive-entailingness
  • 4.5. crosslinguistic picture
  • 4.5.1. Measure phrases
  • 4.5.2. Comparison strategies
  • 4.5.3. How much degree is there in your degree constructions?
  • 4.6. Questions for further reflection and discussion
  • 4.7. Suggestions for further reading
  • 5. Adverbs
  • 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.2. Classifying adverbials
  • 5.3. compositional puzzle
  • 5.3.1. Modifiers of propositions?
  • 5.3.2. Subject-oriented adverbs and the predicate-modifier approach
  • 5.3.3. Problems for the intersective approach
  • 5.3.4. Davidsonian events: the intersective approach redeemed
  • 5.4. Manner and subject orientation
  • 5.4.1. Augmentation and passive-sensitivity
  • 5.4.2. Neo-Davidsonian strategy and thematic roles
  • 5.4.3. Comparison classes and related tools
  • 5.4.4. bottom-up analytical strategy
  • 5.4.5. Topic-orientation
  • 5.4.6. Is there such a thing as a manner?
  • 5.5. Speaker-oriented adverbials
  • 5.5.1. Speech-act adverbials
  • 5.5.2. Evaluative adverbs
  • 5.5.3. Modal adverbs
  • 5.5.4. Polarity
  • 5.6. Locative adverbials
  • 5.6.1. Types and positions of locative adverbials
  • 5.6.2. Vector Space Semantics
  • 5.7. Adverbs as modifiers of adjectives
  • 5.8. Phenomena we will mostly set aside
  • 5.8.1. Temporal adverbials
  • 5.8.2. Adverbs of quantification
  • 5.9. Adverb order revisited
  • 5.10. Questions for further reflection and discussion
  • 5.11. Suggestions for further reading
  • 6. Crosscategorial concerns
  • 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.2. Amounts and cardinality scales
  • 6.2.1. Quantity adjectives and number words
  • 6.2.2. Amount comparatives
  • 6.3. Gradability and non-adjectival predicates
  • 6.3.1. Verbal gradability
  • 6.3.2. Nominal gradability
  • 6.4. Hedging and reinforcing across categories
  • 6.5. Nonrestrictive modifiers
  • 6.6. Predicates of personal taste
  • 6.7. Questions for further reflection and discussion
  • 6.8. Suggestions for further reading
  • 7. Taking stock
  • 7.1. Back to the beginning
  • 7.2. Where to from here?

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