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Materials for Biofuels.
This invaluable book provides a broad and detailed introduction to the fascinating and hot research subject of transformation of biomass-related materials to biofuels. Biofuel production can be categorized into a variety of novel conversion and refinery development technologies. However, biomass rec...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Singapore :
World Scientific Publishing Company,
2014.
©2014 |
| Colección: | Materials and Energy.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Perface; CONTENTS; Chapter 1 What is Biomass; 1. Introduction; 2. Drivers for Biomass; 3. Biomass Types; 4. Understanding Lignocellulosic Biomass; 4.1. Composition of lignocellulosic biomass; 4.2. Physical and chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass; 4.2.1. Cellulose; 4.2.2. Hemicellulose; 4.2.3. Lignin; 4.2.4. Ash content and inorganic element profiles; 4.2.5. Extractive content; 4.2.6. Elemental composition; 4.2.7. Heating values; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 2 Biomass Recalcitrance and the Contributing Cell Wall Factors; 1. Introduction; 2. Structural Features.
- 3. Molecular Features3.1. Cellulose crystallinity; 3.2. Cellulose degree of polymerization; 3.3. Cellulose accessibility; 4. Chemical Features; 4.1. Lignin; 4.2. Hemicellulose; 4.3. Pectin; 4.4. Acetyl groups; References; Chapter 3 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Water/Acid Pretreatments; 1. Introduction; 2. Technical Process of DAP and HTP; 2.1. Dilute acid pretreatment; 2.2. Hydrothermal pretreatment; 3. Hemicelluloses Hydrolysis and Porosity during DAP and HTP; 4. Cellulose Crystallinity and Degree of Polymerization during DAP and HTP; 5. Lignin Behavior during DAP and HTP.
- 6. Pseudo-lignin Formation7. Conclusions and Outlook; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 4 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Organosolv Pretreatments; 1. Introduction; 2. Overview of Organosolv Pretreatment; 3. Mechanism of Organosolv Pretreatment for Reduction of Recalcitrance; 4. Cellulose Behavior during Organosolv Pretreatment; 5. Lignin Behavior during Organosolv Pretreatment; 6. Conclusions and Outlook; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 5 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Ionic Liquid Pretreatments; 1. Introduction; 1.1. What are ionic liquids?
- 1.2. What biofuels are possible from IL pretreatments2. Biomass Solubility; 2.1. Solubility and stability of wood and wood biopolymers in ILs; 2.2. Solubility of wood in IL-based organic electrolytes; 3. IL-Aided Fractionation as a Pretreatment for Saccharification; 4. Tolerance of Enzymes/Microorganisms to IL Systems; 5. Ionic Liquid Recyclability and Recycling Strategies; 6. Challenges and Future Outlook; References; Chapter 6 Enzymatic Deconstruction of Lignocellulose to Fermentable Sugars; 1. Introduction; 2. Enzymatic System; 2.1. Cellulase enzyme system; 2.2. Hemicellulase enzyme system.
- 2.3. Lignin modifying enzymes2.4. Pectin degrading enzymes; 3. Cellulose Enzymatic Saccharification; 3.1. Enzyme behavior in hydrolysis; 3.2. Cellulase adsorption and desorption; 3.3. Carbohydrate-bonding modules; 3.4. Trichoderma reesei system; 4. Factors Influencing Lignocelluloses Enzymatic Hydrolysis; 4.1. Experimental conditions involved factors; 4.2. Substrate features involved factors; 4.3. Enzyme related factors; 5. Strategies to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis; 5.1. Synergistic effects on enzymatic hydrolysis; 5.2. Additives and surfactants; 6. Conclusions and Outlook; Acknowledgments.