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Double-diffusive convection /
The first systematic overview of double-diffusive convection, providing both fundamental theory and real-world examples for researchers, professionals and graduate students.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Half title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Preface; 1 General principles; 1.1 Salt fingers; 1.2 The early years: from Jevons to Stommel; 1.3 Diffusive convection; 1.4 Scale analysis; 1.5 Non-dimensionalization and governing parameters; 1.6 Turner angle; 2 The linear instability problem; 2.1 Conditions for instability; 2.2 Growth rates and spatial scales; 2.3 The flux ratio; 2.4 Effects of horizontal gradients; 3 The unbounded gradient model; 3.1 Flux-gradient laws; 3.2 Secondary instabilities: Stern-Kunze constraint and Holyer modes; 3.3 Weakly nonlinear models.
- 3.4 Phenomenological and empirical modelsSimilarity solutions; The growth rate balance; Empirical parameterizations; 3.5 Numerical simulations; 3.6 Laboratory experiments; 4 The two-layer system; 4.1 Interfacial flux laws; 4.2 Salt-finger interfaces; 4.3 Diffusive interfaces; 5 The bounded layer model; 5.1 Diffusive layer; 5.2 Salt-finger layer; Planform selection; Vertical transport; Height of the finger zone; 6 Collective instability; 6.1 Approaches; 6.2 Parametric flux-gradient model; 6.3 Physical interpretation; 6.4 Specific solutions; 6.5 Nonlinear effects; 7 Thermohaline intrusions.
- 7.1 Linear theoryPhysical interpretation; The -instability; Preferred scales; Similarity argument; Multiscale model; 7.2 Extensions: rotation, baroclinicity and ambient turbulence; Rotation; Baroclinicity; Ambient turbulence; 7.3 Nonlinear effects; 7.4 Laterally bounded fronts; 7.5 Sidewall heating experiments; 7.6 Oceanographic observations; Success stories; Alternative arguments; Complications; 8 Thermohaline staircases; 8.1 Observations; Salt-finger staircases; Diffusive staircases; 8.2 Staircase origins; Collective instability mechanism; Thermohaline intrusion mechanism.
- Metastable equilibria mechanismApplied flux mechanism; Negative density diffusion; 8.3 Instability of the flux-gradient laws; 8.4 Mechanics of layer-merging events; 9 The unified theory of secondary double-diffusive instabilities; 10 Double-diffusion in active environments; 10.1 The interaction of salt fingers with shear flow; 10.2 Low fluxes and thick interfaces; 10.3 The interaction with intermittent turbulence; 10.4 Microstructure signatures of salt fingers in the ocean; Spectral characteristics; Analysis of dissipation measurements; Anisotropy of salt fingers.
- 10.5 Inverse modeling of thermohaline staircases11 Large-scale consequences; 11.1 Effects of salt fingers; Density stratification and the Meridional Overturning Circulation; The T-S relation and the pattern of density ratio; Regional effects; Biogeochemical applications; Salt fountains in the ocean; 11.2 Effects of diffusive convection; 12 Beyond oceanography; 12.1 Astrophysics; Semiconvection; Fingering convection; 12.2 Geology and geophysics; 12.3 Chemistry; 12.4 Materials science and engineering; Solidification of metal alloys; Solar ponds; 12.5 Other applications.