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Native speakers and native users : loss and gain /
Native speakers' and 'native users' are playing the same game, sharing, as they do, the model of the Standard Language.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction; The native-speaker dispute; Characteristics of the native speaker; Can a non-native speaker become a native speaker?; 2 The sense of language loss; 3 Is a new English English?; What then do I mean by native users?; Language in India; 4 Second-language learning and second-language acquisition; 5 Language norms and Standard English; Language norms; The need for Standard English; (1) Standard English-English; (2) Spoken-Written Standard English; (3) Prescription-description; (4) Political-apolitical; 6 Empirical studies.
- Study 1: Whose norms? English-language testing in Malaysia; English-language testing in Singapore; English-language testing in China; English-language testing in India; International tests of English; Three questions; 1. How possible is it to distinguish between an error and a token of a new type?; 2 If we could establish bias, how much would it really matter?; 3 Does an international English test privilege those with a metropolitan Anglophone education?; Which standard?; Study 2: Bias revisited; The empirical study; The rater conundrum; Conclusions; Envoi; Study 3: Gulf or continuum?
- Three arguments for a continuum; Leverhulme project results; Results: rating data collected in Malaysia and Belgium; Conclusions; Coda; 7 Talking in silence: ministry in Quaker meetings*; Protestantism and the control of the Word; Quakerism; Silence and speaking; Learning the language of ministry; Data of fifteen Meetings; Meeting for Worship no. 7: spoken ministry; M/W 7: Keywords and phrases; Religious language; Cohesion; Context; Pausing; Doing being silent; The event of speaking and being silent in Quaker Meetings; 8 Textual hoaxes: questioning the taken-for-granted; Introduction.
- Parodies and non-hoaxes; Examples of hoaxes; The Moon hoax; The Ern Malley affair; The Sokal hoax; Araki Yasusada; Conclusions; Hoaxing clues; The successful hoax; Appendix A Hoaxing the test: a writer's dilemma over a great thriller; Epilogue; Appendix B A response to Elizabeth Hiser's' Hoaxing the text: a writer's dilemma over a great thriller'; 9 Conclusion; References; Index.