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Essentials of Paleomagnetism.
More than 400 years ago William Gilbert said, ""The Earth itself is a great magnet."" Today, we know that it is also a great magnetic tape recorder. This work is a comprehensive, up-to-date textbook on extracting and using rock and paleomagnetic data in archaeological, geological...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Berkeley :
University of California Press,
2010.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- COVER; TITLE; COPYRIGHT; CONTENTS; PREFACE; 1 THE PHYSICS OF MAGNETISM; 1.1 What is a magnetic field?; 1.2 Magnetic moment; 1.3 Magnetic flux; 1.4 Magnetic energy; 1.5 Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility; 1.6 Relationship of B and H; 1.7 A brief tour of magnetic units in the cgs system; 1.8 The magnetic potential; 1.9 Origin of the geomagnetic field; 1.10 Problems; 2 THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD; 2.1 Components of magnetic vectors; 2.2 Reference magnetic field; 2.3 Geocentric axial dipole (GAD) and other poles; 2.4 Plotting magnetic directional data; 2.4.1 D, I transformation.
- 2.4.2 Virtual geomagnetic poles2.4.3 Virtual dipole moment; 2.5 Problems; 3 INDUCED AND REMANENT MAGNETISM; 3.1 Magnetism at the atomic level; 3.2 Induced magnetization; 3.2.1 Orbital contribution and diamagnetism; 3.2.2 Role of electronic spins and paramagnetism; 3.3 Ferromagnetism; 3.4 Problems; 4 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY AND DOMAINS; 4.1 The magnetic energy of particles; 4.1.1 Exchange energy; 4.1.2 Magnetic moments and external fields; 4.1.3 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy; 4.1.4 Magnetostriction: stress anisotropy; 4.1.5 Magnetostatic (shape) anisotropy.
- 4.1.6 Magnetic energy and magnetic stability4.2 Magnetic domains; 4.3 Thermal energy; 4.4 Putting it all together; 4.5 Problems; 5 MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; 5.1 The "flipping" field; 5.2 Hysteresis loops; 5.2.1 Uniaxial anisotropy; 5.2.2 Magnetic susceptibility; 5.2.3 Cubic anisotropy; 5.2.4 Superparamagnetic particles; 5.2.5 Particles with domain walls; 5.3 Hysteresis of mixtures of SP, SD, and MD grains; 5.4 First-order reversal curves; 5.5 Problems; 6 MAGNETIC MINERALOGY; 6.1 Iron-oxides; 6.1.1 Titanomagnetites Fe[sub(3-x)]Ti[sub(x)]O[sub(4)].
- 6.1.2 Hematite-ilmenite Fe[sub(2-y)]Ti[sub(y)]O[sub(3)]6.1.3 Oxidation of (titano)magnetites to (titano)maghemites; 6.2 Iron-oxyhydroxides and iron-sulfides; 6.3 FeTi oxides in igneous rocks; 6.4 Magnetic mineralogy of soils and sediments; 6.5 Problems; 7 HOW ROCKS GET AND STAY MAGNETIZED; 7.1 The concept of dynamic equilibrium; 7.2 Essential Néel theory; 7.3 Viscous remanent magnetization; 7.4 Thermal remanent magnetization; 7.5 Chemical remanent magnetization; 7.6 Detrital remanent magnetization; 7.6.1 Physical alignment of magnetic moments in viscous fluids.
- 7.6.2 Post-depositional processes7.6.3 Inclination error; 7.7 Isothermal remanent magnetization; 7.8 Thermo-viscous remanent magnetization; 7.9 Natural remanent magnetization; 7.10 Artificial remanences; 7.11 Problems; 8 APPLIED ROCK (ENVIRONMENTAL) MAGNETISM; 8.1 Images; 8.2 Critical temperatures; 8.3 Magnetic susceptibility; 8.3.1 Measurement of magnetic susceptibility; 8.3.2 Temperature dependence; 8.3.3 Frequency dependence; 8.3.4 Outcrop measurements; 8.4 Magnetization; 8.4.1 Magnetic interactions: IRM and ARM techniques; 8.4.2 IRM "unmixing."