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Handbook of ferroalloys : theory and technology /

This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainabilit...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:	Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores:	Gasik, Michael, 1962-
Formato:	Electrónico eBook
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Oxford : Elsevier Science, 2013.
Temas:	Iron alloys. Fer > Alliages. iron alloy. TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING > Metallurgy. Iron alloys
Acceso en línea:	Texto completo

Tabla de Contenidos:

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction
1.1. Introduction to Ferroalloys / Michael M. Gasik
1.2. The Scope and Structure of the Book / Michael M. Gasik
Acknowledgments / Michael M. Gasik
References / Michael M. Gasik
2. Basics of Ferroalloys / Michael M. Gasik
2.1. Introduction: Background for Ferroalloys Development and Production / Lauri Holappa
2.2. Ferroalloys in the Development of Steels / Lauri Holappa
2.3.A Case: Ferroalloys for Stainless Steels / Lauri Holappa
2.4. Recent Ferroalloys Production and Markets Development / Lauri Holappa
2.5. Energy and Emissions Issues of the Ferroalloys Industry / Lauri Holappa
2.5.1. Energy Demand for Ferroalloys Making / Lauri Holappa
2.5.2. CO2 Emissions from Ferroalloys Production / Lauri Holappa
2.6. Future Outlook for the Ferroalloys Industry / Lauri Holappa
References / Lauri Holappa
3. Theory of Ferroalloys Processing / Lauri Holappa
3.1. General Theory of the Processes of Ferroalloys Production / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.1. Introduction to Ferroalloys and their Processing / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.2. Processes in Materials Production / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.3. Thermodynamics of Pyrometallurgical (High-Temperature Chemical) Processes / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.4. Kinetics of Pyrometallurgical Processes / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.5. Basics of Heat Transfer in Ferroalloys Processing / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.1.6. Basics of Mass and Momentum Transfer in Ferroalloys Processing / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.2. Ferroalloys Components and Their Properties / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.2.1. Metallic Melts / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.2.2. Oxide Melts (Slags and Fluxes) / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
3.2.3. Carbon Reductants for Ferroalloys Processing / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
References / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
4. Ferroalloys Processing Equipment / Heikki Jalkanen / Michael Gasik
4.1. Introduction to Ferroalloys Processing Technology / Isobel McDougall
4.1.1. Ferroalloys Basic Furnace Design and Operation / Isobel McDougall
4.1.2. Ferrochrome, Ferrosilicon, Ferromanganese, and Silicomanganese Furnaces / Isobel McDougall
4.1.3. Silicon Metal Furnaces / Isobel McDougall
4.1.4. Ferronickel Furnaces / Isobel McDougall
4.1.5. DC Furnaces / Isobel McDougall
4.1.6. Electrical Supply and Operation / Isobel McDougall
4.1.7. Furnace Linings / Isobel McDougall
4.1.8. Furnace Principal Operating Stages / Isobel McDougall
4.1.9. Furnace Control / Isobel McDougall
4.1.10. Processing Hazards and Risk Management / Isobel McDougall
4.2. Equipment for Furnace Feed Processing / Isobel McDougall
4.2.1. Agglomeration / Isobel McDougall
4.2.2. Sintering of Manganese Ore / Isobel McDougall
4.2.3. Preheating / Isobel McDougall
4.2.4. Prereduction / Isobel McDougall
4.3. Downstream Processing / Isobel McDougall
4.3.1. Refining / Isobel McDougall
4.3.2. Casting / Isobel McDougall
4.4. Other Furnaces for Ferroalloys Processing / Isobel McDougall
Acknowledgments / Isobel McDougall
References / Isobel McDougall
5. Electrical and Thermal Operations of Furnaces for Ferroalloys Production / Isobel McDougall
5.1. Introduction to Furnace Operations for Ferroalloys Processing / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.2. Basics of Electric Circuit Theory / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.2.1. Direct and Alternating Current and Voltage / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.2.2. Resistive Circuits / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.2.3. Reactance Circuits / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.2.4. Impedance and Power in AC Circuits / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.3. Ferroalloy Smelting Furnaces as Electrical Circuits / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.3.1. DC Furnaces / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.3.2. AC Furnaces / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.4. Modes of Heat Dissipation in Furnaces / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.4.1. Electric Arc / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.4.2. Electric Arc Models / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.4.3. Resistive Heating / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.4.4. Current Paths and Distribution of Heat Dissipation / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.5. Electric Operations and Control of the Furnace / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.5.1. Power Control / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.5.2. Electrode Control / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.6. Environmental Issues of Ferroalloys Furnace Operations / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.6.1. Particulates Emissions / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.6.2. Gaseous Emissions / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
5.6.3. Heat Emissions and Losses / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
References / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
6. Ferrosilicon and Silicon Technology / Gudrun Saevarsdottir
6.1. Introduction to Silicon and Its Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
6.1.1. Properties of Silicon / Merete Tangstad
6.1.2. Silicon Interaction with Other Elements / Merete Tangstad
6.2. Raw Materials, Silicon, and Ferrosilicon Compositions / Merete Tangstad
6.2.1. Sources of Silica / Merete Tangstad
6.2.2. Carbon Reductants / Merete Tangstad
6.2.3.Compositions of Silicon and Ferrosilicon / Merete Tangstad
6.3. Silicon and Ferrosilicon Smelting Technology / Merete Tangstad
6.3.1. Basic Principles of Operation / Merete Tangstad
6.3.2. Smelting Process / Merete Tangstad
6.4. Casting and Refining Operations / Merete Tangstad
6.4.1. Casting / Merete Tangstad
6.4.2. Refining of Silicon and Ferrosilicon / Merete Tangstad
6.5. Energy Savings and Environmental Issues in Silicon and Ferrosilicon Production / Merete Tangstad
6.5.1. Energy Recovery / Merete Tangstad
6.5.2. Emissions Control / Merete Tangstad
References / Merete Tangstad
7. Manganese Ferroalloys Technology / Merete Tangstad
7.1. Introduction to Manganese Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
7.1.1. History and Background of Manganese / Merete Tangstad
7.2. Properties of Manganese and Its Compounds / Merete Tangstad
7.2.1. Properties of Manganese / Merete Tangstad
7.2.2. Interaction of Manganese with Oxygen and Carbon / Merete Tangstad
7.2.3. Interaction of Manganese with Other Elements / Merete Tangstad
7.2.4. Manganese in Oxide Systems and Slags / Merete Tangstad
7.3. Manganese Ores Processing and Reduction / Merete Tangstad
7.3.1. Manganese Ores / Merete Tangstad
7.3.2. Agglomeration Processes / Merete Tangstad
7.4. Manganese Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
7.4.1. Manganese Alloy Specifications / Merete Tangstad
7.4.2. Impurities in Manganese Alloys / Merete Tangstad
7.5. Smelting Technologies for Manganese Alloys / Merete Tangstad
7.5.1. Basics of Reduction Processes / Merete Tangstad
7.5.2. Outline of Industrial Practice / Merete Tangstad
7.6. Technology of Ferromanganese / Merete Tangstad
7.6.1. High-Carbon Ferromanganese Production / Merete Tangstad
7.6.2. Production of Commercial Silicomanganese (FeSiMn) / Merete Tangstad
7.6.3. Post-Tap Hole Processing for FeMn and SiMn / Merete Tangstad
7.6.4. Production of Manganese Metal / Merete Tangstad
7.7. Refining Operations for Low-Carbon Manganese Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
7.7.1. Production of Low-Carbon Ferromanganese / Merete Tangstad
7.7.2. Production of Low-Carbon Silicomanganese / Merete Tangstad
7.8. Manganese Ferroalloys Postprocessing / Merete Tangstad
7.8.1. Casting / Merete Tangstad
7.8.2. Crushing and Sieving / Merete Tangstad
7.9. Nitrided Manganese Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
7.10. Energy Use in Manganese Ferroalloys Processing / Merete Tangstad
7.11. Potential Hazards of Operations / Merete Tangstad
Acknowledgments / Merete Tangstad
References / Merete Tangstad
8. Technology of Chromium and Its Ferroalloys / Merete Tangstad
8.1. Properties of Chromium / Mihail I. Gasik
8.1.1. Phase Equilibria with Major Chromium-Containing Systems / Mihail I. Gasik
8.1.2. Phase Equilibria with Chromium Oxide / Mihail I. Gasik
8.2. Chromium Raw Materials and Their Processing / Mihail I. Gasik
8.2.1. Chromium Minerals Overview / Mihail I. Gasik
8.2.2. Chromium Resources Overview / Mihail I. Gasik
8.2.3. Chromium Ores and Chromites Processing / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3. Chromium Ferroalloys Technology / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3.1. Technology of Low-Carbon Ferrochrome / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3.2. Technology of Medium-Carbon Ferrochrome / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3.3.
Technology of Ferrosilicochrome (FeSiCr) / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3.4. Technology of Ultra-Low-Carbon FeCr / Mihail I. Gasik
8.3.5. Technology of Nitrided Ferrochromium (FeCrN) / Mihail I. Gasik
8.4. Production of Metallic Chromium and Its Alloys by Aluminum Reduction / Mihail I. Gasik
8.5. Environmental Issues of Chromium and Its Ferroalloys Processing / Mihail I. Gasik
8.5.1. Human Health Hazards of Chromium and Its Compounds / Mihail I. Gasik
8.5.2. Dust and Wastewaters Treatment from Chromium Ferroalloys Processing / Mihail I. Gasik
8.5.3. Fire and Explosion Hazards of Chromium Ferroalloys / Mihail I. Gasik
References / Mihail I. Gasik
9. High Carbon Ferrochrome Technology / Mihail I. Gasik
9.1. Introduction / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.1.1. High Carbon Ferrochrome and Its Production Base / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.1.2. Uses and Applications of High Carbon Ferrochrome / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.2. Technology Routes for the Production of High Carbon Ferrochrome / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.2.1. Introduction / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.2.2. Open/Semiclosed Submerged Arc AC Furnaces / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.2.3. Closed Submerged Arc AC Furnaces / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.2.4. Prereduction and Submerged Arc AC Smelting / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.2.5. Open Arc DC Furnaces / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.2.6. Other Technology Routes / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.3. Post Tap Hole Practices a
Note continued: 9.3.2. Product Types / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.3.3. Slag Handling and Utilization / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.4. Environmental Control and Occupational Health / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
9.4.1. Environmental Impact of High Carbon Ferrochrome Production / Jorma Daavittila / Johan Basson
9.4.2. Occupational Health Hazards / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
References / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
10. Technology of Ferronickel / Johan Basson / Jorma Daavittila
10.1. Properties of Nickel and Its Compounds / Oleg Polyakov
10.2. Nickel Raw Materials / Oleg Polyakov
10.3. Ferronickel Smelting and Refining / Oleg Polyakov
10.3.1. Ferronickel and Its Smelting / Oleg Polyakov
10.12. Refining and Casting of Ferronickel / Oleg Polyakov
References / Oleg Polyakov
11. Technology of Tungsten Ferroalloys / Oleg Polyakov
11.1. Properties of Tungsten and Its Compounds / Michael Gasik
11.2. Minerals, Ores, and Concentrates of Tungsten / Michael Gasik
11.3. Technology for Producing Ferrotungsten / Michael Gasik
11.3.1. Reduction by Carbon and Silicon / Michael Gasik
11.3.2. Reduction by Aluminum / Michael Gasik
References / Michael Gasik
12. Technology of Molybdenum Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
12.1. Properties of Molybdenum and Its Compounds / Michael Gasik
12.2. Minerals, Ores, and Concentrates of Molybdenum / Michael Gasik
12.3. Oxidative Roasting of Molybdenite Concentrates / Michael Gasik
12.4. Technology for Producing Ferromolybdenum / Michael Gasik
References / Michael Gasik
13. Technology of Vanadium Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
13.1. Properties of Vanadium and Its Compounds / Michael Gasik
13.2. Sources of Vanadium / Michael Gasik
13.3. Treatment of Vanadium Raw Materials / Michael Gasik
13.3.1. Chemical Treatment of Vanadium Raw Materials / Michael Gasik
13.3.2. Metallurgical Processing of Vanadium Raw Materials / Michael Gasik
13.3.3. Reduction of Vanadium from Oxides / Michael Gasik
13.4. Technology of Ferrovanadium / Michael Gasik
13.4.1. Reduction by Silicon / Michael Gasik
13.4.2. Technology of Ferrovanadium by Reduction by Aluminum / Michael Gasik
13.5. Technology of Other Ferrovanadium Alloys / Michael Gasik
13.6. The Technology of Nitrided Ferrovanadium / Michael Gasik
References / Michael Gasik
14. Technology of Niobium Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
14.1. Properties of Niobium / Mihail I. Gasik
14.2. Sources of Niobium and Its Reduction / Mihail I. Gasik
14.2.1. Minerals of Niobium / Mihail I. Gasik
14.2.2. Reduction of Niobium / Mihail I. Gasik
14.3. Technology of Niobium Ferroalloys / Mihail I. Gasik
References / Mihail I. Gasik
15. Technology of Titanium Ferroalloys / Mihail I. Gasik
15.1. Properties of Titanium and Its Compounds / Michael Gasik
15.2. Sources of Titanium and Methods of Its Reduction / Michael Gasik
15.2.1. Titanium Raw Materials / Michael Gasik
15.2.2. Reduction of Titanium from Oxides / Michael Gasik
15.3. Technology of Titanium Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
References / Michael Gasik
16. Technology of Zirconium Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
16.1. Properties of Zirconium and Its Main Compounds / Michael Gasik
16.2. Sources of Zirconium and Its Reduction / Michael Gasik
16.3. Technology of Zirconium Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
16.3.1. Ferrosilicozirconium / Michael Gasik
16.3.2. Technology for Producing Ferro-aluminum-zirconium / Michael Gasik
References / Michael Gasik
17. Boron Ferroalloys / Michael Gasik
17.1. Properties of Boron and Its Compounds / Oleg Polyakov
17.2. Boron Sources and Its Reduction / Oleg Polyakov
17.3. Technology of Boron Alloys / Oleg Polyakov
17.3.1. Boron Alloys Types / Oleg Polyakov
17.3.2. Ferroboron Technology / Oleg Polyakov
17.3.3. Technology of Other Boron Alloys / Oleg Polyakov
References / Oleg Polyakov
18. Technology of Ferroalloys with Rare-Earth Metals / Oleg Polyakov
18.1. Properties of Rare-Earth Metals and Their Compounds / Oleg Polyakov
18.1.1. Yttrium / Oleg Polyakov
18.1.2. Lanthanum / Oleg Polyakov
18.1.3. Cerium / Oleg Polyakov
18.2. Minerals, Ores, and Concentrates of Rare-Earth Metals / Oleg Polyakov
18.3. Technology for Producing Ferroalloys with REM / Oleg Polyakov
18.3.1. Reduction by Carbon / Oleg Polyakov
18.3.2. Reduction by Aluminum / Oleg Polyakov
References / Oleg Polyakov
19. Technology of Ferroalloys with Alkaline-Earth Metals / Oleg Polyakov
19.1. Calcium and Its Alloys / Mihail I. Gasik
19.1.1. Properties of Calcium and Its Systems / Mihail I. Gasik
19.1.2. Technology Used for Smelting Calcium Carbide / Mihail I. Gasik
19.1.3. Smelting Technology Used for Calcium-Silicon Alloy / Mihail I. Gasik
19.2. Magnesium / Mihail I. Gasik
19.2.1. Properties of Magnesium and Its Systems / Mihail I. Gasik
19.2.2. Technology for Producing Magnesium and Ferroalloys / Mihail I. Gasik
19.3. Strontium / Mihail I. Gasik
19.3.1. Properties of Strontium and Its Systems / Mihail I. Gasik
19.3.2. Smelting Technology of Strontium Alloys / Mihail I. Gasik
19.4. Barium / Mihail I. Gasik
19.4.1. Properties of Barium and Its Systems / Mihail I. Gasik
19.4.2. Smelting Technology of Ferrosilicobarium / Mihail I. Gasik
19.4.3. Smelting Technology of Al-Ba Alloys / Mihail I. Gasik
19.5. Metallurgical Lime / Mihail I. Gasik
References / Mihail I. Gasik
20.Complex Ferroalloys and Other Master Alloys / Mihail I. Gasik
20.1.Complex Ferroalloys / Oleg Polyakov
20.1.1. Relevancy of Complex Ferroalloys Development / Oleg Polyakov
20.1.2. Ferroalloys and Master Alloys with Aluminum / Oleg Polyakov
20.1.3. Ferroalloys with Other Elements / Oleg Polyakov
20.2. Ferroalloys with Nonmetallic Elements / Oleg Polyakov
20.3. Exothermic Ferroalloys / Oleg Polyakov
References / Oleg Polyakov.

Handbook of ferroalloys : theory and technology /

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