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The weather and climate : emergent laws and multifractal cascades /
A new method of modelling the atmosphere, synthesising data analysis techniques and multifractal statistics, for atmospheric researchers and graduate students.
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge ; New York :
Cambridge University Press,
2013.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Preface; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and abbreviations; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 A new synthesis; 1.1.1 Two (irreconcilable?) approaches to understanding the atmosphere; 1.1.2 Which chaos for geophysics, for atmospheric science: deterministic or stochastic?; 1.2 The Golden Age, resolution, revolution and paradox: an up-to-date empirical tour of atmospheric variability; 1.2.1 The basic form of the emergent laws and spectral analysis; 1.2.2 Atmospheric data in a Golden Age; In-situ networks; In-situ measurements: aircraft, sondes; Remote sensing; Reanalyses.
- 1.2.3 The horizontal scaling of atmospheric fields1.2.4 The atmosphere in the vertical; 1.2.5 The smallest scales; 1.2.6 Temporal scaling, weather, macroweather and the climate; 1.2.7 The scaling of the atmospheric boundary conditions; 1.3 The phenomenological fallacy; Chapter 2 Classical turbulence, modern evidence; 2.1 Complexity or simplicity? Richardson ́s dreams and the emergence of the laws of turbulence; 2.1.1 Numerical weather prediction and statistical theories of turbulence; 2.1.2 The nonlinear revolution: complex or simple?
- 2.2 The equations of the atmosphere and their scale symmetries2.2.1 The cascade alternative; 2.2.2 Scaling; 2.2.3 Conservation of turbulent fluxes from one scale to another; 2.3 Extensions to passive scalars, to the atmospheric primitive equations; 2.3.1 Passive scalars, conservation of passive scalar variance flux; 2.3.2 The scale invariance of the equations of the atmosphere: an anisotropic scaling analysis of the ``primitive equations ́ ́; 2.4 Classical isotropic 3D turbulence phenomenology: Kolmogorov turbulence and energy cascades.
- 2.4.1 Fourier locality, energy transfer and cascade phenomenology2.4.2 The Kolmogorov-Obukhov spectrum; 2.4.3 Vortex stretching, the break-up of eddies and the cascade direction; 2.4.4* The vorticity spectrum; 2.5 The special case of 2D turbulence; 2.5.1 Comparing two- and three-dimensional turbulence; 2.5.2 Two-dimensional enstrophy cascades; 2.6 Atmospheric extensions; 2.6.1 Applying isotropic turbulence to the atmosphere: the Gage-Lilly model; 2.6.2 The real transition is from k-5/3 to k-2.4 and it is spurious: a review of the classical aircraft campaigns and a new one (TAMDAR).
- 2.6.3 The classical approach: conclusions from analyses and reanalyses2.6.4 Evidence from satellite altimeter winds over the ocean; 2.6.5 The continuing difficulties with the classical model and inferences from numerical simulations; 2.6.6 Empirical determination of the direction of the cascade; 2.7 Summary of emergent laws in Chapter 2; Appendix 2A: Spectral analysis in arbitrary dimensions; Appendix 2B: Cascade phenomenology and spectral analysis; Term (I); Term (III); Term (II); Appendix 2C: Spectral transfers; Chapter 3 Scale-by-scale simplicity: an introduction to multiplicative cascades.