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Advances in energy research. Vol. 10 /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York :
Nova Science Publishers, Inc.,
©2012.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- ADVANCES IN ENERGY RESEARCH VOLUME 10 ; ADVANCES IN ENERGY RESEARCH VOLUME 10 ; CONTENTS ; PREFACE ; SOLAR GROUND RADIATION IN GREENHOUSES ; ABSTRACT ; LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ; 1. INTRODUCTION ; 2. SOLAR POWER ; 2.1. Effects of the Incident Angle of Sunlight ; 2.2. Average Irradiance and Total Energy Gain of a Greenhouse from Direct Sunlight ; 2.3. The Effect of Diffuse Radiation ; 2.4. Total Ground Radiation in a Greenhouse with a Reflecting Wall ; 2.5. Derivation of the Distance from the Reflecting Wall Traversed by Reflected Radiation.
- 2.6. Derivation of the Angle of Inclination of the Reflecting Wall for Providing Full Exposure of the Greenhouse Ground to Radiation with Changing Z 2.7. Derivation of Normal Irradiance by Solar Ray)(GSO as a Function of Z ; 2.8. Derivation of the Effect of F{0 on the Extent of Illumination of the Ground ; 3.9. Ground Irradiation due to Direct and Reflected Diffuse Radiation ; 2.10. Ground Irradiance fue to Direct Illumination in a Classical Greenhouse ; 2.11. Ground Irradiance in Greenhouses with a Reflecting Wall ; 2.12. The Effects of Diffuse Radiation ; 3. EFFECTS OF URBAN DENSITY.
- 3.1. Energy Saving in Buildings 3.2. Energy Efficiency and Architectural Expression ; 3.3. Sustainable Practices ; 3.4. Buildings and CO2 Emission ; 3.5. Low Energy Buildings ; 3.5.1. Efficiency Use of Energy ; 3.5.2. Utilise Renewable Energy ; 3.5.3. Reduce Transport Energy ; 3.5.4. Increase Awareness ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES ; APPENDIX (1) TOTAL MEASURED RADIATION OVER NOTTINGHAM [37] ; APPENDIX (2) EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ; ENERGY OUTLOOK IN MALAYSIA
- THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE ; 1. INTRODUCTION ; 2. LOCAL ENERGY SCENARIO ; 2.1. Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission ; 2.2. Energy Policy.
- 3. ENERGY MIX 3.1. Oil ; 3.2. Natural Gas ; 3.3. Coal ; 3.4. Hydro ; 3.5. Renewable Energy (RE) ; 4. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ; 4.1. Solar ; 4.2. Wind ; 4.3. Landfill Gas and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) ; 4.4. Hydrogen Fuel Cells ; 4.5. Nuclear ; 5. ENERGY EFFICIENCY ; 6. CHALLENGES AND A WAY FORWARD ; CONCLUSION ; REFERENCES ; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION USING HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; 1. INTRODUCTION: THE CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ; 2. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION WITH HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS: SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM AND EARLY STUDIES ON THE USE OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS.
- 3. DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 3.1. Catalyst Preparation ; 3.2. Raw Oil Pre-Treatment ; 3.3. Transesterification Laboratory Tests ; 3.4. Reaction Product Purification ; 3.5. Determination of Methyl Esters Content ; 3.6. Obtained Results ; 4. USE OF MGAL HYDROTALCITES AS SOLID HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ; 4.1. Catalyst Characterization ; 4.1.1. Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC) ; 4.1.2. Infra-Red Spectroscopy with Fourier Transform (FTIR) ; 4.1.3. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM)