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Maritime tankers : terrorist threats, consequences and protective measures /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York :
Nova Science Publishers,
©2009.
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| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- MARITIME TANKERS: TERRORISTTHREATS, CONSEQUENCESAND PROTECTIVE MEASURES; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ABBREVIATIONS; RESULTS IN BRIEF*; BACKGROUND; MANY STAKEHOLDERS ARE INVOLVEDIN SECURING THE MARITIME ENERGYSUPPLY CHAIN; TANKERS TRANSPORT ENERGY COMMODITIESAROUND THE WORLD; ENERGY COMMODITIES ORIGINATEIN A VARIETY OF LOCATIONS; KEY DOMESTIC PORTS HANDLEVAST MAJORITY OF ENERGY IMPORTS; ADDRESSING TANKER SECURITY VULNERABILITIESINVOLVES SETTING RISKS IN THE CONTEXTOF OTHER SECURITY AND NONSECURITY PRIORITIES.
- ENERGY COMMODITY SHIPMENTS FACEVARIED THREATS, AND A SUCCESSFUL ATTACKCOULD HAVE SUBSTANTIAL CONSEQUENCESNO CREDIBLE SPECIFIC THREAT OF ATTACKAT U.S. PORTS TO DATE, BUT EVENTS OVERSEASINDICATE REASONS FOR CONCERN; Officials Are Concerned about Three Primary Types of Threats; Suicide Attacks; Standoff Attacks; Armed Assaults; Other Types of Threats Are Considered Less Likely; Intelligence Reviews Indicate Threats Are Likely to Persist; POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF AN ATTACKINCLUDE PUBLIC SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS; PUBLIC SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTALCONSEQUENCES VARY BY COMMODITY.
- BLOCKAGE OF KEY TRANSIT ROUTES, KEY FACILITIES, OR PORTS COULD COST BILLIONSECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICALMARKET REACTION TO AN ATTACK COULD BE SEVERE; ALTHOUGH STAKEHOLDERS ARE TAKINGPROTECTIVE MEASURES, IMPLEMENTATIONCHALLENGES POSE DIFFICULTY BOTHABROAD AND AT HOME; IN SPITE OF THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF THE ISPSCODE, THE PRIMARY CHALLENGE OVERSEASINVOLVES OVERCOMING DISPARITIES IN SECURITYAT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS; U.S. MILITARY PRESENCE OVERSEAS AIMED ATHELPING DETER MARITIME TERRORIST ATTACKS.
- STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS REVIEW CREWMEMBER VISA APPLICATIONS OVERSEASTO PREVENT ENTRY OF TERRORISTSWHILE VESSELS ARE IN TRANSIT, THE PRIMARY CHALLENGE INVOLVESPATROLLING THE VAST DISTANCES INVOLVED; IN U.S. WATERWAYS AND PORTS, THE PRIMARYCHALLENGE INVOLVES COPING WITH LIMITEDRESOURCES AND A GROWING SECURITY WORKLOAD; Security Requirements Vary by Commodity; State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies Play aMajor Role in the Protection of Tankers and Facilities; The Coast Guard Faces Challenges MeetingInternal Security Guidance.
- The Coast Guard's Near-Term Efforts to AlignRequirements with Field Unit Capacity Have LimitationsADDITIONAL LNG FACILITIES SET TO COME ON LINEWILL LIKELY POSE ADDITIONAL CHALLENGESFOR MEETING MISSION REQUIREMENTS; STAKEHOLDERS HAVE DEVELOPED SPILLAND TERRORISM RESPONSE PLANSBUT FACE SEVERAL CHALLENGESIN INTEGRATING THEM; PLANNING FOR SPILL RESPONSE IS LARGELY SEPARATEFROM PLANNING FOR TERRORISM RESPONSE; FEDERAL AGENCIES AND LOCAL PORTS COULD FACECHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING SPILL AND TERRORISMRESPONSE PLANS, PLANNING FOR ECONOMIC RESPONSE, AND OBTAINING NEEDED RESOURCES.