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Cadmium in the environment /
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New York :
Nova Science Publishers,
©2010.
|
| Colección: | Environmental health--physical, chemical and biological factors series.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- CADMIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF CADMIUM:SAMPLE PRE-TREATMENT ANDDETERMINATION METHODS; ABSTRACT; SUMMARY; I. CADMIUM. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS; II. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE CONSERVATION; II. 1. Sampling Programs; II. 2. Sampling for Water; (a) Surface waters; (b) Deep waters; (c) Groundwater; II. 3. Sampling for Soils, Sediments and Sludge; (a) Shallow soils; (b) Deep soils; (c) Surface sediments; (d) Bottom sediments; II. 4. Sampling for Biological Matrices (biota); II. 5. Sampling for Air Matrices; II. 6. Sampling for Atmospheric Precipitation.
- III. PRESERVATION AND STORAGE. PRELIMINARY OPERATIONSIII. 1. Considerations for Preserving Water Samples; III. 2. Considerations for Preserving Soil, Sediment and Sludge Samples; III. 3. Considerations for Preserving Biota Samples; III. 4. Considerations for Preserving Atmospheric Particulate Matter; IV. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS CADMIUM; IV. 1. UV-VIS Absorption Spectrometry; IV. 1.1. Instrumentation; IV. 1.2. Cadmium determination by UV-VIS spectrometry; IV. 2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS); IV. 2.1. Sources of radiation; (a) Line sources; (b) Continuous sources.
- IV. 2.2. Background correctionIV. 3. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS); IV. 3.1. Atomizer: flame; IV. 3.2. Nebulizer; IV. 3.3. Cadmium determination by FAAS; IV. 3.4. Atom trapping systems
- FAAS; IV. 3.5. Beam injection flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and thermosprayflame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; (a) Flame furnace; (b) Sample introduction system: high speed liquid jet (beam injection); (c) Sample introduction system: thermospray; (d) Cadmium determination by BIFF-AAS and TSFF-AAS; IV. 4. Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETAAS)
- IV. 4.1. Electrothermal atomizersIV. 4.2. Matrix modification; IV. 4.3. The stabilized temperature platform furnace concept; IV. 4.4. Cadmium determination by ETAAS; IV. 5. Inductively Coupled Plasma Based Techniques; IV. 5.1. Inductively coupled plasma
- optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); (a) Plasma torch; (b) Radio-frequency generators; (c) Nebulizers; (c.1.) Pneumatic nebulizers; (c.2.) Glass frit nebulizers; (c.3.) Ultrasonic nebulizers; (c.4.) Thermospray nebulizers; (d) Spray Chambers; (e) Optics and Detectors; IV. 5.2. Inductively coupled plasma
- mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
- (A) Interface(b) Collision/reaction cells; (c) Mass analyzers; (d) Ion detectors; IV. 5.3. Isotope dilution analysis; IV. 5.4. Vapor introduction in ICP techniques; IV. 5.5. Discrete sample introduction in ICP techniques; (a) Electrothermal vaporization; (b) Laser ablation; IV. 5.6. Continuous sample introduction in ICP techniques; IV. 5.7. Cadmium determination by ICP-OES/MS; (a) Cadmium determination by ETV-ICP-OES/MS; (b) Cadmium determination by LA-ICP-OES/MS; IV. 6. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS); IV. 6.1. Source of radiation; IV. 6.2. Atomizers; IV. 6.3. Cadmium determination by AFS.