Tabla de Contenidos:
  • CARBON TAX AND CAP-AND-TRADE TOOLS: MARKET-BASED APPROACHES FOR CONTROLLING GREENHOUSE GASES; CARBON TAX AND CAP-AND-TRADE TOOLS: MARKET-BASED APPROACHES FOR CONTROLLING GREENHOUSE GASES ; CONTENTS; PREFACE; CARBON TAX AND GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL: OPTIONS ANDCONSIDERATIONS FOR CONGRESS; SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; OTHER POLICY OPTIONS FOR ADDRESSINGGHG EMISSIONS; COST OF QUANTITY CONTROL: AN OVERVIEW; Economic Theory vs. Uncertainty; A Stark Choice or a Policy Continuum?; A Flexible Emissions Cap; A Flexible Carbon Tax; Limits of the Policy Continuum; POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF A CARBON TAX.
  • Economic EfficiencyBasis for the Argument; Underpinnings of the Argument; Relative Flatness of Benefits Curve?; Relative Steepness of the Marginal Cost Curve?; Short-Term Time Frame; Only Cost Uncertainty is Considered; Modeled Eficiency Gains; Economic Efficiency versus Precaution; Price Stability; Tax Revenue Applications; Potential Implementation Advantages; Transparency; Administrative Issues; Policy Modification; POTENTIAL DISADVANTAGES; Uncertain Emissions; Political Feasibility; What's in a Name?; THE ROLE OF COMMITTEE JURISDICTION; Support from Industry?
  • Support from Environmental Groups?Consideration of International Efforts and Cooperation; Coordination with Existing International Efforts; Maximizing Participation; International Implementation Concerns; IMPLEMENTATION OF A CARBON TAX; Point of Taxation; Where to Impose a Carbon Tax?; CO2 Emissions or All CHG Emission?; THE 1993 ENERGY OR BTU TAX; Which Emission Sources to Control?; Level of Taxation; Tax Based on Estimates of Costs and Benefits117; Social Cost of Carbon Estimates; Applying Social Cost of Carbon Estimates; Tax Based on Meeting an Emissions Target; Tax Revenue Distribution.
  • Estimates of Tax RevenuesUse of Tax Revenues; Offset Reductions in Other Taxes; Direct or Indirect Payments to Households; Provide Assistance to Carbon-Intensive Industries; Fund Specific Objectives; Policy Considerations of Different Revenue Applications; Overall Costs to Society; Distributional Impacts; Carbon-Intensive Industries; Technology Development; CONCLUSIONS; APPENDIX. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; End Notes; IMPLICATIONS OF A CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FLEXIBILITY IN THE TIMING OF EMISSION REDUCTIONS; Potential Savings in Costs As a Result of Timing Flexibility.
  • Design Features That Provide Firms with Timing FlexibilityKeeping Costs from Climbing Too High; Keeping Costs from Falling Too Low; THE DISTRIBUTIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF A CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM; Market Forces Would Determine Who Bore the Costs of a Cap; BOX 1. CBO'S COST ESTIMATE FOR S. 2191; Policymakers Would Determine Who Received the Value of the Allowances; REDUCING THE OVERALL ECONOMIC IMPACTOF A CO2 CAP; CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAMS AND THE FEDERAL BUDGET; End Notes; ISSUES IN DESIGNING A CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; HOW A CAP-AND-TRADE PROGRAM WOULD WORK.