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Pulp bleaching today /
Pulp bleaching has gone through dramatic changes in the last two decades. The process has moved from a discharge of toxic and poorly biodegradable effluent to a general acceptance of environmentally sound technology. This book describes the production of high quality pulp with high brightness and go...
| Clasificación: | Libro Electrónico |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Berlin ; New York :
De Gruyter,
©2010.
|
| Temas: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Texto completo |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Brightening a brief history
- 3. Bleaching agents, properties and generation
- 3.1 Oxidizing agents, physical and chemical properties
- 3.1.1 Oxygen
- 3.1.2 Chlorine dioxide
- 3.1.3 Hydrogen peroxide
- 3.1.4 Peracetic acid
- 3.1.5 Ozone
- 3.2 Reducing agents, physical and chemical properties
- 3.2.1 Sodium dithionite
- 3.2.2 Sulfur dioxide
- 3.2.3 Formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS)
- 3.3 Enzymes
- 3.4 Supporting chemicals in bleaching
- 3.4.1 Caustic soda, oxidized white liquor
- 3.4.2 Sodium silicate
- 3.4.3 Sulfuric acid
- 3.4.4 Chelating agents (sequestrants)
- 3.4.5 Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)
- 3.5 Risk and safety phrases
- 4. Bleaching of chemical Pulp
- 4.1 Bleaching stages and sequences
- 4.2 Oxygen delignification
- 4.2.1 Process conditions
- 4.2.2 Impact of poor washing
- 4.2.3 Oxygen delignification of hardwood pulp
- 4.2.4 Trouble shooting in oxygen delignification
- 4.3 Hot acid hydrolysis
- 4.4 Chlorine dioxide
- 4.4.1 Chlorine dioxide delignification
- 4.4.2 Chlorine dioxide in bleaching
- 4.4.3 Modified chlorine dioxide delignification of hardwood pulps
- 4.4.4 Generation of halogenated organic compounds (AOX, VOX and OX).
- 4.4.5 Bleach plant control in D stages
- 4.4.6 Trouble shooting in D stages
- 4.5 Alkaline extraction
- 4.5.1 Oxidative reinforced extraction
- 4.5.2 Hydrogen peroxide in extraction
- 4.5.3 Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in bleaching
- 4.5.4 Other alkali sources in extraction
- 4.5.5 Extraction stage control
- 4.5.6 Trouble shooting in extraction
- 4.6 Hydrogen peroxide bleaching
- 4.6.1 Brown stock addition
- 4.6.2 Brightening of unbleached pulp
- 4.6.3 Second extraction stage peroxide application
- 4.6.4 Final bleaching with peroxide, high density storage bleaching
- 4.6.5 Catalyzed peroxide delignification/bleaching
- 4.6.6 Corrosion of titanium by alkaline peroxide
- 4.6.7 Trouble shooting in P stages
- 4.7 Ozone in pulp delignification
- 4.8 Exotic bleaching chemicals
- 4.8.1 Peracetic acid
- 4.8.2 Peroxymonosulfuric acid (Caro's acid)
- 4.8.3 Enzymes
- 4.8.4 Chlorine
- 4.8.5 Hypochlorite
- 4.8.6 Polyoxometalates
- 4.9 TCF bleaching of pulp
- 4.9.1 TCF bleaching of Kraft pulp
- 4.9.2 ECF 8220;light8221; bleaching of Kraft pulp
- 4.9.3 TCF bleaching of sulfite pulp
- 4.10 Yield in bleaching
- 4.11 Water consumption, effluent 8220;free8221; processes
- 5. Stability of brightness
- 5.1 Final bleaching with chlorine dioxide or peroxide
- 5.2 Final bleaching with peracetic acid or ozone
- 5.3 Brightness stability in TCF and ECF 8220;light8221; bleaching
- 6. Bleaching of mechanical pulp
- 6.1 Reductive bleaching
- 6.1.1 Bleaching with bisulfite
- 6.1.2 Bleaching with dithionite
- 6.2 Metals management, use of chelants (sequestering agents)
- 6.3 Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide
- 6.4 Conventional activation and stabilization
- 6.5 Modified peroxide activation
- 6.6 Technology of mechanical pulp bleaching
- 6.7 Control strategy in bleaching
- 6.8 Trouble shooting in mechanical pulp bleaching
- 7. Brightening of secondary fiber
- 7.1 Recycling of paper and board
- 7.2 Recycling for printing paper
- 7.3 Recycling.