Approaches to Quantum Gravity : Toward a New Understanding of Space, Time and Matter /

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The theory of quantum gravity promises a revolutionary new understanding of gravity and spacetime, valid from microscopic to cosmological distances. Research in this field involves an exciting blend of rigorous mathematics and bold speculations, foundational questions and technical issues. Containin...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Clasificación:Libro Electrónico
Otros Autores: Oriti, Daniele
Formato: Electrónico eBook
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge Univ. Press, ©2009.
Temas:
Quantum gravity.
Gravité quantique.
SCIENCE > Waves & Wave Mechanics.
Quantum gravity
Acceso en línea:Texto completo
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Half-title
  • Title
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Contributors
  • Acknowledgments
  • Foreword: Historical Perspective, Unmet Needs, and Incidence
  • REFERENCE
  • Acute Pain Management
  • SECTION I Pain Physiology and Pharmacology
  • 1 Pain Pathways and Acute Pain Processing
  • CLASSIFICATION OF PAIN
  • PAIN PERCEPTION
  • TRANSDUCTION
  • CONDUCTION
  • TRANSMISSION
  • MODULATION
  • ASCENDING PAIN PATHWAYS
  • CORTICAL PERCEPTION AND RESPONSES
  • DESCENDING PATHWAYS
  • TRANSITIONS FROM ACUTE TO PERSISTENT PAIN
  • NEUROPATHIC PAIN
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Pathophysiology of Acute Pain
  • HYPERALGESIA
  • SYMPATHOADRENAL RESPONSES
  • NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSES
  • EFFECTS ON KEY TARGET ORGANS
  • ATTENUATION OF PAIN-INDUCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Patient Variables Influencing Acute Pain Management
  • AGE
  • CULTURE OR RACE
  • SEX
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
  • SITE AND EXTENT OF SURGERY
  • ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE
  • PATIENT SIZE AND OPIOID PHARMACOKINETICS
  • GENE POLYMORPHISMS
  • PATIENTS WITH HISTORIES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE OR OPIOID DEPENDENCIES
  • PATIENTS WITH ORGAN IMPAIRMENT OR FAILURE
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Acute Pain: A Psychosocial Perspective
  • CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND
  • PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND ACUTE PAIN
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR ACUTE PAIN
  • FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Acetaminophen: Pharmacology for the Future
  • HISTORY
  • PROSTAGLANDIN PHYSIOLOGY
  • MECHANISMS OF ACTION
  • PHARMACOKINETICS OF NSAIDS
  • NSAIDS AND PERIOPERATIVE ANALGESIA
  • PIROXICAM
  • SIDE EFFECTS
  • CONCLUSION
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Local Anesthetics in Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
  • GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF Na CHANNELS
  • ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF Na+ CHANNELS
  • ELECTROPHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA
  • LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIONS AT SITES UNRELATED TO Na+ CHANNELS OR NERVE BLOCK
  • LOCAL ANESTHETIC STRUCTURES
  • PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
  • LOCAL ANESTHETIC PHARMACODYNAMICS
  • MAXIMUM DOSES
  • DIFFERENTIAL SENSORY NERVE BLOCK
  • OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY
  • USE OF ADDITIVES WITH LOCAL ANESTHETIC SOLUTIONS
  • VASODILATOR PROPERTIES
  • TOXIC SIDE EFFECTS OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
  • CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SIDE EFFECTS
  • CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY
  • METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
  • ALLERGY
  • TREATMENT OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC TOXICITY
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Pharmacology of Novel Non-NSAID Analgesics
  • CLONIDINE AND alpha2-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS
  • KETAMINE AND NMDA RECEPTORS ANTAGONISTS
  • GABAPENTIN AND PREGABALIN
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Pharmacokinetics of Epidural Opioids
  • CRITICAL STUDIES AND CLINICAL TRIALS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 9 Transitions from Acute to Chronic Pain
  • EVIDENCE OF PERSISTENT POSTSURGICAL PAIN
  • PROGRESSION FROM ACUTE TO CHRONIC PAIN
  • PREDICTORS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PAIN
  • INTERVENTIONS TO DECREASE PERSISTENT POSTSURGICAL PAIN
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications of Opioid Tolerance and Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia
  • Increasing Use of Opioid Medications
  • Clinical Implications of Growing Opioid Use.

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