Tabla de Contenidos:
  • A Valedictory
  • Copyright
  • FOREWORD
  • BOARD ON TESTING AND ASSESSMENT
  • Contents
  • A Valedictory: Reflections on 60 Years in Educational Testing
  • THE WAY TO THE EGRESS
  • PLUSES AND MINUSES IN THE ASSESSMENT MOVEMENT
  • WRESTLING WITH MEASUREMENT ERROR
  • NONSCIENTIFC MOTIVES IN ASSESSMENT ORGANIZATIONS
  • LIMITATIONS ON TESTING
  • CONCRETE BRAIN STORM
  • APPENDIX: SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL PROCEDURES USED IN THE CALIFORNIA LEARNING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
  • Executive Summary
  • DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN 1993
  • NONRESPONSE
  • THE SAMPLING PLAN AND ITS EXECUTIONSCORING OF TESTS
  • SCHOOL REPORTS
  • OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT
  • REPORTING INDIVIDUAL SCORES IN 1994
  • CONCLUSION
  • THE PROMISE AND CHALLENGE OF CLAS
  • Risks and costs in innovation
  • HOW THE COMMITTEE PROCEEDED
  • THE NUMBER DESCRIBING SCHOOL PERFORMANCE AND ITS UNCERTAINTY
  • A RECOMMENDATION ON SCHOOL REPORTS
  • STANDARD ERRORS AND CONFIDENCE BANDS
  • Types of error
  • A target for accuracy in school reports
  • NONRESPONSE BIAS
  • SAMPLING OF STUDENTS AS POLICY AND PRACTICE
  • THE 1993 SCORING TARGETS
  • Improvements in sampling in 1994 and beyondTHE SHORTFALL IN SCORING
  • OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS: THEIR NATURE AND CAUSES
  • LOSS OF DATA
  • BREAKDOWNS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DOCUMENTS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS ON ADMINISTRATION AND QUALITY CONTROL
  • The management structure
  • Quality control
  • ANALYSIS AND REPORTING AT THE SCHOOL LEVEL
  • VALIDITY ISSUES
  • SCORING
  • Problems with mapping rules
  • The invisible student
  • Scoring accuracy in 1993
  • A step to improve accuracy
  • RELIABILITY OF SCHOOL SCORES
  • The school-level standard error
  • The size of componentsSample size and the SE
  • SCORES FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS
  • THE NEED FOR EQUATING
  • RELIABILITY FOR INDIVIDUALS
  • What uncertainty is acceptable?
  • Estimated standard errors
  • A FINAL RECOMMENDATION
  • ADDENDUM
  • End Note
  • STANDARD ERROR CALCULATIONS FOR SCHOOL SCORES
  • Analyses adapted to the area